Browsing by Author "Matinmikko-Blue, Marja"

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Analysis of Spectrum Valuation Approaches: The Viewpoint of Local 5G Networks in Shared Spectrum Bands
(2018) Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjölä, Seppo; Seppänen, Veikko; Ahokangas, Petri; Hämmäinen, Heikki; Latva-aho, Matti
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
Radio spectrum is a scarce natural resource, whose efficient management calls for a thorough understanding of its value. Quite a big number of approaches have emerged for spectrum valuation based on different elements, some with such potentially high uncertainty as future profits, total cost of ownership and societal benefits. Spectrum valuation will be important for the upcoming spectrum decisions by the regulators to deploy 5G networks but will face a new situation, where the use of higher carrier frequencies inherently limits network operations to local areas. This paper analyses the existing spectrum valuation approaches and identifies the key elements to consider, when defining and assessing the value of spectrum especially in the context of future local 5G networks. An important aspect is that the growing pressure to open the mobile market for location specific 5G networks has resulted in new sharing-based models for spectrum access, to allow the emergence of entrant local 5G operators to serve different verticals. We will therefore characterize the identified spectrum valuation elements in the new context of new local 5G networks operating in shared spectrum bands. Our approach considers spectrum valuation for 5G from the perspectives of the different stakeholder roles including regulators, mobile network operators (MNOs) and entrant local 5G operators.
Analysis of Spectrum Valuation Elements for Local 5G Networks: Case Study of 3.5-GHz Band
(2019-09) Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjola, Seppo; Seppanen, Veikko; Ahokangas, Petri; Hammainen, Heikki; Latva-aho, Matti
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Radio spectrum is a scarce natural resource, whose efficient management calls for a thorough understanding of its value. A number of spectrum valuation approaches has emerged considering different elements, some with potentially high uncertainty as future profits, total cost of ownership and societal benefits. Spectrum valuation is important in regulators' 5G spectrum decisions and will face a new situation, where location specific services and higher carrier frequencies give rise to local network operator models. This paper analyzes the existing spectrum management and spectrum valuation approaches and identifies key elements to consider, when defining and assessing the value of spectrum especially in the context of future local 5G networks. The growing pressure to open the mobile market for location and vertical specific 5G networks promotes new sharing-based spectrum access models, to allow the emergence of local 5G operators. We characterize the identified spectrum valuation elements in the context of these new local 5G networks from the perspectives of the different stakeholder roles including regulators, mobile network operators (MNOs) and entrant local 5G operators. We further present a spectrum valuation case study of the recent 5G spectrum decisions in the 3.5-GHz band in different countries.
Business Models for Local 5G Micro Operators
(2018) Ahokangas, Petri; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjöla, Seppo; Seppänen, Veikko; Hammainen, Heikki; Jurva, Risto; Latva-aho, Matti
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
5G will change the mobile communication business ecosystem by introducing location specific high-quality wireless networks that can by operated by different stakeholders. This development will change the traditional business models and ecosystem roles, as well as open the market for new local mobile network operators. These operators, such as recently introduced micro operators, can target specific customers in different vertical sectors with closed 5G networks, serve mobile network operator’s (MNO) customers in high-demand areas on behalf of the MNO as a neutral host with open 5G networks, or mix different types of customers and offerings through various hybrid business models. This paper discusses business model options for local 5G micro operators, addressing also the different network deployment options. Three generic 5G business models and respective value ecosystems are presented: Vertical business model and ecosystem, Horizontal business model and ecosystem, and Oblique business model and ecosystem. Finally, the scalability, adaptability and sustainability of the business models and ecosystems are examined.
Local 5G services on campus premises: scenarios for a make 5G or buy 5G decision
(2021-10-01) Kulkarni, Venkatesh; Walia, Jaspreet; Hämmäinen, Heikki; Yrjölä, Seppo; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Jurva, Risto
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to build possible future scenarios for indoor connectivity in a venue such as a university campus and build alternative value network configurations (VNCs) defining different local network deployment options, focused on the Finnish telecom market. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, Schoemaker’s scenario planning method (Schoemaker, 1995) is used to construct future scenarios and the VNC method of Casey et al. (2010) is used to build alternative VNCs. The paper studies the Aalto University campus network for current end-user data usage demand and the existing technology used in meeting the end-user needs and forecasts the demand for the next five years to understand the need for 5G. Findings: This research concludes that with the provision of local spectrum licenses, there is an opportunity for venue owners to take the role of 5G local operator on the venue premises. Furthermore, it enables venue owners to collaborate with the incumbent mobile network operators (MNOs) in a neutral host model and provide venue-specific connectivity services. Research limitations/implications: A detailed economic assessment for the network deployment in the campus is considered for future study. Originality/value: Considering the provision for local spectrum licenses, this paper has taken a unique attempt in identifying the future scenarios for local 5G network operations. It provides a strategic direction for the venue owners in adopting 5G technology and whether to make 5G or buy 5G from MNOs.
Network Slice Instantiation for 5G Micro-Operator Deployment Scenarios
(2019-08-15) Badmus, Idris; Walia, Jaspreet; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Taleb, Tarik
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
The concept of network slicing is considered as a key part in the development of 5G. Network slicing is the means to logically isolate network capabilities in order to make each slice responsible for specific network requirement. In the same light, the micro-operator concept has emerged for local deployment of 5G for vertical specific service delivery. Even though micro-operator networks are expected to be deployed using 5G, most research on network slicing has been directed towards the description on the traditional Mobile Network Operator’s (MNO) networks with little emphasis on slicing in local 5G networks deployed by different stakeholders. In order to achieve slicing in a micro-operator network, it is of vital importance to understand the different deployment scenarios that can exist and how slicing can be realized for each of these deployments. In this paper, the micro-operator networks described include closed, open and mixed network, and for each of these network, different deployment scenarios are established. The paper further proposes approaches for the configuration of Network Slice Instances (NSIs) using the Network Slice Subnet Instances (NSSIs) and other Network Functions (NFs) in a micro-operator network while considering the different deployments. The results highlight the possible deployment scenarios that can be established in a micro-operator network and how network slicing can be efficiently realized for the various local deployments.
Network Slice Provisioning Approaches for Industry Verticals: New Business Models and Feasibility
(2021) Walia, Jaspreet Singh; Hammainen, Heikki; Kilkki, Kalevi; Flinck, Hannu; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjölä, Seppo
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Network slicing is widely studied as an essential technological enabler for supporting diverse use case specific services through network virtualization. Industry verticals, consisting of diverse use cases requiring different network resources, are considered key customers for network slices. However, different approaches for network slice provisioning to industry verticals and required business models are still largely unexplored and require further work. Focusing on technical and business aspects of network slicing, this article develops three new business models, enabled by different distributions of business roles and management exposure between business actors. The feasibility of the business models is studied in terms of; the costs and benefits to business actors, mapping to use cases in various industry verticals, and the infrastructure costs of common and dedicated virtualization infrastructures. Finally, a strategic approach and relevant recommendations are proposed for major business actors, national regulatory authorities, and standards developing organizations.
Platform configurations for local and private 5G networks in complex industrial multi-stakeholder ecosystems
(2021-06) Ahokangas, Petri; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjölä, Seppo; Hämmäinen, Heikki
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Data and connectivity platforms play a crucial role in the digitalization of different sectors of our society. In complex industrial multi-stakeholder ecosystem contexts connectivity and data platforms are increasingly becoming converged, and private, vertical-specific local 5G networks are emerging. For this context, we depict and analyze alternative configurations for converging connectivity and data platforms and propose appropriate management actions for combining these platforms and achieving legitimacy. We examine a complex industrial multi-stakeholder ecosystem of a port and observe that in the considered case study, the convergence of connectivity and data platforms enhances digitalization and helps to create shared local information between stakeholders. The research identifies a set of regulatory challenges for local 5G networks in complex industrial multi-stakeholder ecosystems where the telecommunication and information technology-related regulations meet with vertical-specific regulations, leading to a complex environment in which to operate. As highly country-specific, these regulations can open new business opportunities or significantly slow down or even prevent a market opening to local private 5G networks for vertical-specific use.
A virtualization infrastructure cost model for 5g network slice provisioning in a smart factory
(2021-07-28) Walia, Jaspreet Singh; Hämmäinen, Heikki; Kilkki, Kalevi; Flinck, Hannu; Yrjölä, Seppo; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Network slicing is a key enabler for providing new services to industry verticals. In order to enable network slice provisioning, it is important to study the network slice type allocation for different device types in a real industrial case. Furthermore, the costs of the required virtualization infrastructure need to be analyzed for various cloud deployment scenarios. In this paper, a cost model for the virtualization infrastructure needed for network slice provisioning is developed and subsequently applied to a real smart factory. In the model, slice types and devices are mapped such that each factory device is provisioned with one or more slice types, as required. The number of devices to be supported per slice type is forecasted for 2021–2030, and the total costs of ownership, costs per slice type, and costs for every slice type, for each device are calculated. The results are analyzed for three cloud deployment scenarios: local, distributed, and centralized. The centralized scenario was found to have thelowest cost. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the device growth, the number of factories, the level of isolation between network slices, and resource overbooking. The resulting evaluation and cost breakdown can help stakeholders select a suitable deployment scenario, gauge their investments, and exercise suitable pricing.