Browsing by Author "Maslov, M."

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  • Analysis of the inter-species power balance in JET plasmas
    (2020-03) Weisen, H.; Delabie, E.; Flanagan, J.; Giroud, C.; Maslov, M.; Menmuir, S.; Patel, A.; Scott, S.; Siren, P.; Varje, J.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Most auxiliary heating methods provide heating to more than one particle species (electrons, ions, impurities) in a fusion plasma. This can lead to substantial temperature differences between species, depending on conditions such as heating power to the different species and collisionality, with temperature differences between species limited by inter-species thermal equipartition and transport. The analysis of the steady-state electron-ion and impurity-ion power balances presented in this paper are used for consistency-checking experimental ion and electron temperature measurements and for inferring the main ion temperature from measured impurity temperatures. As ion temperature measurements by charge exchange spectroscopy (CXS) based on impurity ions have become more difficult and time-consuming since the installation of the ITER-like wall (ILW) with Be and W PFC's, knowing the maximum sustainable temperature difference between ions and electrons, |T i - T e| allows rejecting erroneous measurements. It also obviates the need for an ion temperature measurement, if an electron temperature measurement is available and |T i - T e| cannot be larger than the combined errors of the underlying measurements. A power balance analysis is also required for estimating the errors of the ion and electron heat fluxes prior to any species-resolved transport analysis. The ion-impurity temperature differences are usually found to be small due to strong thermal equipartition between ion species. However, they can approach 10% in JET-ILW low density, high power discharges, such the ones under development for a future JET deuterium-tritium campaign (Joffrin et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion). This has a generally small, but not always negligible effect on the calculation of fusion reaction rates, which depend on main ion temperatures. An important outcome of this analysis is that temperature differences between impurity species are always much smaller than between the impurities and hydrogenic species and can usually be neglected. The paper presents two methods for calculating the impurity-to-main ion temperature ratio. Finally, this analysis leads to a method for the reconstruction ion temperature profiles from ion temperature data available at only one or a small number of spatial locations.
  • Characterisation of divertor detachment onset in JET-ILW hydrogen, deuterium, tritium and deuterium–tritium low-confinement mode plasmas
    (2023-03) Groth, M.; Solokha, V.; Aleiferis, S.; Brezinsek, S.; Brix, M.; Carvalho, I. S.; Carvalho, P.; Corrigan, G.; Harting, D.; Horsten, N.; Jepu, I.; Karhunen, J.; Kirov, K.; Lomanowski, B.; Lawson, K. D.; Lowry, C.; Meigs, A. G.; Menmuir, S.; Pawelec, E.; Pereira, T.; Shaw, A.; Silburn, S.; Thomas, B.; Wiesen, S.; Börner, P.; Borodin, D.; Jachmich, S.; Reiter, D.; Sergienko, G.; Stancar, Z.; Viola, B.; Beaumont, P.; Bernardo, J.; Coffey, I.; Conway, N. J.; de la Luna, E.; Douai, D.; Giroud, C.; Hillesheim, J.; Horvath, L.; Huber, A.; Lomas, P.; Maggi, C. F.; Maslov, M.; Perez von Thun, C.; Scully, S.; Vianello, N.; Wischmeier, M.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Measurements of the ion currents to and plasma conditions at the low-field side (LFS) divertor target plate in low-confinement mode plasmas in the JET ITER-like wall materials configuration show that the core plasma density required to detach the LFS divertor plasma is independent of the hydrogenic species protium, deuterium and tritium, and a 40 %/60 % deuterium–tritium mixture. This observation applies to a divertor plasma configuration with the LFS strike line connected to the horizontal part of the LFS divertor chosen because of its superior diagnostic coverage. The finding is independent of the operational status of the JET cryogenic pump. The electron temperature (Te) at the LFS strike line was markedly reduced from 25 eV to 5 eV over a narrow range of increasing core plasma density, and observed to be between 2 eV and 3 eV at the onset of detachment. The electron density (ne) peaks across the LFS plasma when Te at the target plate is 1 eV, and spatially moves to the X-point for higher core densities. The density limit was found approximately 20 % higher in protium than in tritium and deuterium–tritium plasmas.
  • The core-edge integrated neon-seeded scenario in deuterium-tritium at JET
    (2024-10) Giroud, C.; Carvalho, I. S.; Brezinsek, S.; Huber, A.; Keeling, D.; Mailloux, J.; Pitts, R. A.; Lerche, E.; Henriques, R.; Hillesheim, J.; Lawson, K.; Marin, M.; Pawelec, E.; Sos, M.; Sun, H. J.; Tomes, M.; Aleiferis, S.; Bleasdale, A.; Brix, M.; Boboc, A.; Bernardo, J.; Carvalho, P.; Coffey, I.; Henderson, S.; King, D. B.; Rimini, F.; Maslov, M.; Alessi, E.; Craciunescu, T.; Fontana, M.; Fontdecaba, J. M.; Garzotti, L.; Ghani, Z.; Horvath, L.; Jepu, I.; Karhunen, J.; Kos, D.; Litherland-Smith, E.; Meigs, A.; Menmuir, S.; Morales, R. B.; Nowak, S.; Peluso, E.; Pereira, T.; Parail, V.; Petravich, G.; Pucella, G.; Puglia, P.; Refy, D.; Scully, S.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    This paper reports the first experiment carried out in deuterium-tritium addressing the integration of a radiative divertor for heat-load control with good confinement. Neon seeding was carried out for the first time in a D-T plasma as part of the second D-T campaign of JET with its Be/W wall environment. The technical difficulties linked to the re-ionisation heat load are reported in T and D-T. This paper compares the impact of neon seeding on D-T plasmas and their D counterpart on the divertor detachment, localisation of the radiation, scrape-off profiles, pedestal structure, edge localised modes and global confinement.
  • Experimental study on the role of the target electron temperature as a key parameter linking recycling to plasma performance in JET-ILW
    (2022-06) Lomanowski, B.; Dunne, M.; Vianello, N.; Aleiferis, S.; Brix, M.; Canik, J.; Carvalho, I. S.; Frassinetti, L.; Frigione, D.; Garzotti, L.; Groth, M.; Meigs, A.; Menmuir, S.; Maslov, M.; Pereira, T.; Perez Von Thun, C.; Reinke, M.; Refy, D.; Rimini, F.; Rubino, G.; Schneider, P. A.; Sergienko, G.; Uccello, A.; Van Eester, D.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Changes in global and edge plasma parameters (H98(y,2), dimensionless collisionality ν*, core density peaking, separatrix density ne,sep) with variations in the D2 fueling rate and divertor configuration are unified into a single trend when mapped to ⟨Te,ot⟩, the spatially averaged spectroscopically derived outer target electron temperature. Dedicated JET with the ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) experiments in combination with an extended JET-ILW database of unseeded low-triangularity H-mode plasmas spanning a wide range of D2 fueling rates, Ip, Bt and heating power have demonstrated the importance of ⟨Te,ot⟩ as a key physics parameter linking the recycling particle source and detachment with plasma performance. The remarkably robust H98(y,2) trend with ⟨Te,ot⟩ is connected to a strong inverse correlation between ⟨Te,ot⟩, ne,sep and ν*, thus directly linking changes in the divertor recycling moderated by ⟨Te,ot⟩ with the previously established relationship between ν*, core density peaking and core pressure resulting in a degradation in core plasma performance with decreasing ⟨Te,ot⟩ (increasing ν*). A strong inverse correlation between the separatrix to pedestal density ratio, ne,sep/ne,ped, and ⟨Te,ot⟩ is also established, with the rise in ne,sep/ne,ped saturating at ⟨Te,ot⟩ > 10 eV. A strong reduction in H98(y,2) is observed as ⟨Te,ot⟩ is driven from 30 to 10 eV via additional D2 gas fueling, while the divertor remains attached. Consequently, the pronounced performance degradation in attached divertor conditions has implications for impurity seeding radiative divertor scenarios, in which H98(y,2) is already low (∼0.7) before impurities are injected into the plasma since moderate gas fueling rates are required to promote high divertor neutral pressure. A favorable pedestal pressure, pe,ped, dependence on Ip has also been observed, with an overall increase in pe,ped at Ip = 3.4 MA as ⟨Te,ot⟩ is driven down from attached to high-recycling divertor conditions. In contrast, pe,ped is reduced with decreasing ⟨Te,ot⟩ in the lower Ip branches. Further work is needed to (i) clarify the potential role of edge opacity on the observed favorable pedestal pressure Ip scaling; as well as to (ii) project the global and edge plasma performance trends with ⟨Te,ot⟩ to reactor-scale devices to improve predictive capability of the coupling between recycling and confined plasma fueling in what are foreseen to be more opaque edge plasma conditions.
  • Isotope dependence of the type i ELMy H-mode pedestal in JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas
    (2021-04) Horvath, L.; Maggi, C. F.; Chankin, A.; Saarelma, S.; Field, A. R.; Aleiferis, S.; Belonohy, E.; Boboc, A.; Corrigan, G.; Delabie, E. G.; Flanagan, J.; Frassinetti, L.; Giroud, C.; Harting, D.; Keeling, D.; King, D.; Maslov, M.; Matthews, G. F.; Menmuir, S.; Silburn, S. A.; Simpson, J.; Sips, A. C.C.; Weisen, H.; Gibson, K. J.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The pedestal structure, edge transport and linear MHD stability have been analyzed in a series of JET with the ITER-like wall hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) type I ELMy H-mode plasmas. The pedestal pressure is typically higher in D than in H at the same input power and gas rate, with the difference mainly due to lower density in H than in D (Maggi et al (JET Contributors) 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60 014045). A power balance analysis of the pedestal has shown that higher inter-ELM separatrix loss power is required in H than in D to maintain a similar pedestal top pressure. This is qualitatively consistent with a set of interpretative EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations for H and D plasmas, showing that higher edge particle and heat transport coefficients are needed in H than in D to match the experimental profiles. It has also been concluded that the difference in neutral penetration between H and D leads only to minor changes in the upstream density profiles and with trends opposite to experimental observations. This implies that neutral penetration has a minor role in setting the difference between H and D pedestals, but higher ELM and/or inter-ELM transport are likely to be the main players. The interpretative EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations, with simultaneous upstream and outer divertor target profile constraints, have indicated higher separatrix electron temperature in H than in D for a pair of discharges at low fueling gas rate and similar stored energy (which required higher input power in H than in D at the same gas rate). The isotope dependence of linear MHD pedestal stability has been found to be small, but if a higher separatrix temperature is considered in H than in D, this could lead to destabilization of peeling-ballooning modes and shrinking of the stability boundary, qualitatively consistent with the reduced pedestal confinement in H.
  • Isotope mass scaling and transport comparison between JET Deuterium and Tritium L-mode plasmas
    (2023-11) Tala, T.; Järvinen, A. E.; Maggi, C. F.; Mantica, P.; Mariani, A.; Salmi, A.; Carvalho, I. S.; Chomiczewska, A.; Delabie, E.; Devasagayam, F.; Ferreira, J.; Gromelski, W.; Hawkes, N.; Horvath, L.; Karhunen, J.; King, D.; Kirjasuo, A.; Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.; Leerink, S.; Lennholm, M.; Lomanowski, B.; Maslov, M.; Menmuir, S.; Morales, R. B.; Sharma, R.; Sun, H.; Tanaka, K.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The dimensionless isotope mass scaling experiment between pure Deuterium and pure Tritium plasmas with matched ρ ∗ , ν ∗ , β n , q and T e / T i has been achieved in JET L-mode with dominant electron heating (NBI+ohmic) conditions. 28% higher scaled energy confinement time B t τ E , t h / A is found in favour of the Tritium plasma. This can be cast in the form of the dimensionless energy confinement scaling law as Ω i τ E , t h ∼ A 0.48 ± 0.16 . This significant isotope mass scaling is consequently seen in the scaled one-fluid heat diffusion coefficient A χ e f f / B t which is around 50% lower in the Tritium plasma throughout the whole plasma radius. The isotope mass dependence in the particle transport channel is negligible, supported also by the perturbative particle transport analysis with gas puff modulation. The comparison of the edge particle fuelling or ionisation profiles from the EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations show that the absolute density differences that are necessary for the dimensionless match in the confined plasma dominate over any isotope mass dependencies of particle fuelling and ionization profiles at the plasma edge. Local GENE simulation results indicate a mild anti-gyroBohm effect at ρ t o r = 0.6 and thereby a small isotope mass dependence in favour of Tritium on heat transport and a negligible effect on particle transport. A significant fraction of the isotope scaling and reduced heat transport observed in the Tritium plasma is not captured in the GENE and ASTRA-TGLF-SAT2 simulations by simply changing the isotope mass for the same input profiles.
  • Isotope removal experiment in JET-ILW in view of T-removal after the 2nd DT campaign at JET
    (2022-04) Wauters, T.; Matveev, D.; Douai, D.; Banks, J.; Buckingham, R.; Carvalho, I. S.; De La Cal, E.; Delabie, E.; Dittmar, T.; Gaspar, J.; Huber, A.; Jepu, I.; Karhunen, J.; Knipe, S.; Maslov, M.; Meigs, A.; Monakhov, I.; Neverov, V. S.; Noble, C.; Papadopoulos, G.; Pawelec, E.; Romanelli, S.; Shaw, A.; Sheikh, H.; Silburn, S.; Widdowson, A.; Abreu, P.; Aleiferis, S.; Bernardo, J.; Borodin, D.; Brezinsek, S.; Buermans, J.; Card, P.; Carvalho, P.; Crombe, K.; Dalley, S.; Dittrich, L.; Elsmore, C.; Groth, M.; Hacquin, S.; Henriques, R.; Huber, V.; Jacquet, P.; Jiang, X.; Jones, G.; Keeling, D.; Kinna, D.; Kumpulainen, H.; Siren, P.; Varje, J.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    A sequence of fuel recovery methods was tested in JET, equipped with the ITER-like beryllium main chamber wall and tungsten divertor, to reduce the plasma deuterium concentration to less than 1% in preparation for operation with tritium. This was also a key activity with regard to refining the clean-up strategy to be implemented at the end of the 2nd DT campaign in JET (DTE2) and to assess the tools that are envisaged to mitigate the tritium inventory build-up in ITER. The sequence began with 4 days of main chamber baking at 320 °C, followed by a further 4 days in which Ion Cyclotron Wall Conditioning (ICWC) and Glow Discharge Conditioning (GDC) were applied with hydrogen fuelling, still at 320 °C, followed by more ICWC while the vessel cooled gradually from 320 °C to 225 °C on the 4th day. While baking alone is very efficient at recovering fuel from the main chamber, the ICWC and GDC sessions at 320 °C still removed slightly higher amounts of fuel than found previously in isotopic changeover experiments at 200 °C in JET. Finally, GDC and ICWC are found to have similar removal efficiency per unit of discharge energy. The baking week with ICWC and GDC was followed by plasma discharges to remove deposited fuel from the divertor. Raising the inner divertor strike point up to the uppermost accessible point allowed local heating of the surfaces to at least 800 °C for the duration of this discharge configuration (typically 18 s), according to infra-red thermography measurements. In laboratory thermal desorption measurements, maintaining this temperature level for several minutes depletes thick co-deposit samples of fuel. The fuel removal by 14 diverted plasma discharges is analysed, of which 9, for 160 s in total, with raised inner strike point. The initial D content in these discharges started at the low value of 3%-5%, due to the preceding baking and conditioning sequence, and reduced further to 1%, depending on the applied configuration, thus meeting the experimental target.
  • Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
    (2019-11) Joffrin, E.; Abduallev, S.; Abhangi, M.; Abreu, P.; Afanasev; Afzal, M.; Aggarwal, K. M.; Ahlgren, T.; Aho-Mantila, L.; Aiba, N.; Airila, M.; Alarcon, T.; Albanese, Raffaele; Alegre, D.; Aleiferis, S.; Alessi, E.; Aleynikov, P.; Alkseev, A.; Allinson, M.; Alper, B.; Alves, E.; Ambrosino, G.; Ambrosino, R.; Amosov, V.; Sunden, E. Andersson; Andrews, R.; Angelone, M.; Anghel, M.; Angioni, C.; Appel, L.; Appelbee, C.; Arena, P.; Ariola, M.; Arshad, S.; Artaud, J.; Arter, W.; Ash, A.; Ashikawa, N.; Aslanyan, V.; Asunta, O.; Asztalos, O.; Auriemma, F.; Austin, Y.; Avotina, L.; Axton, M.; Ayres, C.; Baciero, A.; Baiao, D.; Balboa, I.; Balden, M.; Balshaw, N.; Bandaru, V. K.; Banks, J.; Baranov, Y. F.; Barcellona, C.; Barnard, T.; Barnes, M.; Barnsley, R.; Wiechec, A. Baron; Barrera Orte, L.; Baruzzo, M.; Basiuk, V.; Bassan, M.; Bastow, R.; Batista, A.; Batistoni, P.; Baumane, L.; Bauvir, B.; Baylor, L.; Beaumont, P. S.; Beckers, M.; Beckett, B.; Bekris, N.; Beldishevski, M.; Bell, K.; Belli, F.; Belonohy, E.; Benayas, J.; Bergsaker, H.; Bernardo, J.; Bernert, M.; Berry, M.; Bertalot, L.; Besiliu, C.; Betar, H.; Beurskens, M.; Bielecki, J.; Biewer, T.; Bilato, R.; Biletskyi, O.; Bilkova, P.; Binda, F.; Birkenmeier, G.; Bizarro, J. P. S.; Bjorkas, C.; Blackburn, J.; Blackman, T. R.; Blanchard, P.; Blatchford, P.; Bobkov, V.V.; Boboc, A.; Bogar, O.; Bohm, P.; Bohm, T.; Bolshakova, I.; Bolzonella, T.; Bonanomi, N.; Boncagni, L.; Bonfiglio, D.; Bonnin, X.; Boom, J.; Borba, D.; Borodin, D.; Borodkina, I.; Boulbe, C.; Bourdelle, C.; Bowden, M.; Bowman, C.; Boyce, T.; Boyer, H.; Bradnam, S. C.; Braic, V.; Bravanec, R.; Breizman, B.; Brennan, D.; Breton, S.; Brett, A.; Brezinsek, S.; Bright, M.; Brix, M.; Broeckx, W.; Brombin, M.; Broslawski, A.; Brown, B. C.; Brunetti, D.; Bruno, E.; Buch, J.; Buchanan, J.; Buckingham, R.; Buckley, M.; Bucolo, M.; Budny, R.; Bufferand, H.; Buller, S.; Bunting, P.; Buratti, P.; Burckhart, A.; Burroughes, G.; Buscarino, A.; Busse, A.; Butcher, D.; Butler, B.; Bykov, I.; Cahyna, P.; Calabro, G.; Calacci, L.; Callaghan, D.; Callaghan, J.; Calvo, Iván; Camenen, Y.; Camp, P.; Campling, D. C.; Cannas, B.; Capat, A.; Carcangiu, S.; Card, P.; Cardinali, A.; Carman, P.; Carnevale, D.; Carr, M.; Carralero, D.; Carraro, L.; Carvalho, B. B.; Carvalho, Sergio; Carvalho, P.; Carvalho, D. D.; Casson, F. J.; Castaldo, C.; Catarino, N.; Causa, F.; Cavazzana, R.; Cave-Ayland, K.; Cavedon, M.; Cecconello, M.; Ceccuzzi, S.; Cecil, E.; Challis, C. D.; Chandra, D.; Chang, C. S.; Chankin, A.; Chapman, I. T.; Chapman, B.; Chapman, S. C.; Chernyshova, M.; Chiariello, A.; Chitarin, G.; Chmielewski, P.; Chone, L.; Ciraolo, G.; Ciric, D.; Citrin, J.; Clairet, F.; Clark, M.; Clark, E.; Clarkson, R.; Clay, R.; Clements, C.; Coad, J. P.; Coates, P.; Cobalt, A.; Coccorese, V.; Cocilovo, W.; Coelho, R.; Coenen, J. W.; Coffey, I. H.; Colas, L.; Colling, B.; Collins, S.; Conka, D.; Conroy, S.; Conway, N.; Coombs, D.; Cooper, S. R.; Corradino, C.; Corre, Y.; Corrigan, G.; Coster, D.; Craciunescu, T.; Cramp, S.; Crapper, C.; Crisanti, F.; Croci, G.; Croft, D.; Crombe, K.; Cruz, N.; Cseh, G.; Cufar, A.; Cullen, A.; Curson, P.; Curuia, M.; Czarnecka, A.; Czarski, T.; Cziegler, I.; Dabirikhah, H.; Dal Molin, A.; Dalgliesh, P.; Dalley, S.; Dankowski, J.; Darrow, D.; David, P.; Davies, A.; Davis, W.; Dawson, K.; Day, C.; De Bock, M.; de Castro, A.; De Dominici, G.; de la Cal, E.; de la Luna, E.; De Masi, G.; De Temmerman, G.; De Tommasi, G.; de Vries, P.; Deane, J.; Dejarnac, R.; Del Sarto, D.; Delabie, E.; Demerdzhiev; Dempsey, A.; den Harder, N.; Dendy, R. O.; Denis, J.; Denner, P.; Devaux, S.; Devynck, P.; Di Maio, F.; Di Siena, A.; Di Troia, C.; Dickinson, D.; Dinca, P.; Dittmar, T.; Dobrashian, J.; Doerk, H.; Doerner, R. P.; Domptail, F.; Donne, T.; Dorling, S. E.; Douai, D.; Dowson, S.; Drenik, A.; Dreval, M.; Drewelow, P.; Drews, P.; Duckworth, Ph; Dumont, R.; Dumortier, P.; Dunai, D.; Dunne, M.; Duran, I.; Durodie, F.; Dutta, P.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Dylst, K.; Edappala, P.; Edwards, A. M.; Edwards, J. S.; Eich, Th; Eidietis, N.; Eksaeva, A.; Ellis, R.; Ellwood, G.; Elsmore, C.; Emery, S.; Enachescu, M.; Ericsson, G.; Eriksson, J.; Eriksson, F.; Eriksson, L. G.; Ertmer, S.; Esquembri, S.; Esquisabel, A. L.; Esser, H. G.; Ewart, G.; Fable, E.; Fagan, D.; Faitsch, M.; Falie, D.; Fanni, A.; Farahani, A.; Fasoli, A.; Faugeras, B.; Fazinic, S.; Felici, F.; Felton, R. C.; Feng, S.; Fernades, A.; Fernandes, H.; Ferreira, J.; Ferreira, D. R.; Ferro, G.; Fessey, J. A.; Ficker, O.; Field, A.; Fietz, S.; Figini, L.; Figueiredo, J.; Figueiredo, A.; Fil, N.; Finburg, P.; Fischer, U.; Fittill, L.; Fitzgerald, M.; Flammini, D.; Flanagan, J.; Flinders, K.; Foley, S.; Fonnesu, N.; Fontdecaba, J. M.; Formisano, A.; Forsythe, L.; Fortuna, L.; Fransson, E.; Frasca, M.; Frassinetti, L.; Freisinger, M.; Fresa, R.; Fridstrom, R.; Frigione, D.; Fuchs, JC; Fusco, P.; Futatani, S.; Gal, K.; Galassi, D.; Galazka, K.; Galeani, S.; Gallart, D.; Galvao, R.; Gao, Y.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Carrasco, A.; Garcia-Munoz, M.; Gardener, M.; Garzotti, L.; Gaspar, J.; Gaudio, P.; Gear, D.; Gebhart, T.; Gee, S.; Geiger, B.; Gelfusa, M.; George, R.; Gerasimov, S.; Gervasini, G.; Gethins, M.; Ghani, Z.; Ghate, M.; Gherendi, M.; Ghezzi, F.; Giacalone, J. C.; Giacomelli, L.; Giacometti, G.; Gibson, K.; Giegerich, T.; Gil, L.; Gilbert, M. R.; Gin, D.; Giovannozzi, E.; Giroud, C.; Gloeggler, S.; Goff, J.; Gohil, P.; Goloborod'ko, V.; Gomes, R.; Goncalves, B.; Goniche, M.; Goodyear, A.; Gorini, G.; Goerler, T.; Goulding, R.; Goussarov, A.; Graham, B.; Graves, J. P.; Greuner, H.; Grierson, B.; Griffiths, J.; Griph, S.; Grist, D.; Groth, M.; Grove, R.; Gruca, M.; Guard, D.; Guerard, C.; Guillemaut, C.; Guirlet, R.; Gulati, S.; Gurl, C.; Gutierrez-Milla, A.; Utoh, H. H.; Hackett, L.; Hacquin, S.; Hager, R.; Hakola, A.; Halitovs, M.; Hall, S.; Hallworth-Cook, S.; Ham, C.; Hamed, M.; Hamilton, N.; Hamlyn-Harris, C.; Hammond, K.; Hancu, G.; Harrison, J.; Harting, D.; Hasenbeck, F.; Hatano, Y.; Hatch, D. R.; Haupt, T.; Hawes, J.; Hawkes, N. C.; Hawkins, J.; Hawkins, P.; Hazel, S.; Heesterman, P.; Heinola, K.; Hellesen, C.; Hellsten, T.; Helou, W.; Hemming, O.; Hender, T. C.; Henderson, S. S.; Henderson, M.; Henriques, R.; Hepple, D.; Herfindal, J.; Hermon, G.; Hidalgo, C.; Higginson, W.; Highcock, E. G.; Hillesheim, J.; Hillis, D.; Hizanidis, K.; Hjalmarsson, A.; Ho, A.; Hobirk, J.; Hogben, C. H. A.; Hogeweij, G. M. D.; Hollingsworth, A.; Hollis, S.; Hoelzl, M.; Honore, J-J; Hook, M.; Hopley, D.; Horacek, J.; Hornung, G.; Horton, A.; Horton, L. D.; Horvath, L.; Hotchin, S. P.; Howell, R.; Hubbard, A.; Huber, A.; Huber, Reto; Huddleston, T. M.; Hughes, M.; Hughes, J.; Huijsmans, G. T. A.; Huynh, P.; Hynes, A.; Igaune, I.; Iglesias, D.; Imazawa, N.; Imrisek, M.; Incelli, M.; Innocente, P.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Ivings, E.; Jachmich, S.; Jackson, A.; Jackson, T.; Jacquet, P.; Jansons, J.; Jaulmes, F.; Jednorog, S.; Jenkins, Ian; Jepu, I.; Johnson, T.; Johnson, R.; Johnston, J.; Joita, L.; Joly, J.; Jonasson, E.; Jones, T.; Jones, C.; Jones, L.; Jones, G.; Jones, N.; Juvonen, M.; Hoshino, K. K.; Kallenbach, A.; Kalsey, M.; Kaltiaisenaho, T.; Kamiya, K.; Kaniewski, J.; Kantor, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karhunen, J.; Karkinsky, D.; Kaufman, M.; Kaveney, G.; Kazakov, Y.; Kazantzidis, V.; Keeling, D. L.; Keenan, F. P.; Kempenaars, M.; Kent, O.; Kent, J.; Keogh, K.; Khilkevich, E.; Kim, H. T.; King, R.; King, D.; Kinna, D. J.; Kiptily, V.; Kirk, A.; Kirov, K.; Kirschner, A.; Kizane, G.; Klas, M.; Klepper, C.; Klix, A.; Knight, M.; Knight, P.; Knipe, S.; Knott, S.; Kobuchi, T.; Kochl, F.; Kocsis, G.; Kodeli, I.; Koechl, F.; Kogut, D.; Koivuranta, S.; Kolesnichenko, Y.; Kollo, Z.; Kominis, Y.; Koeppen, M.; Korolczuk, S.; Kos, B.; Koslowski, H. R.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Koubiti, M.; Kovaldins, R.; Kovanda, O.; Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.; Krasilnikov, A.; Krasilnikov, AV; Krawczyk, N.; Kresina, M.; Krieger, K.; Krivska, A.; Kruezi, U.; Ksiazek, I.; Kukushkin, A.; Kundu, A.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwak, S.; Kwon, O. J.; Laguardia, L.; Lahtinen, A.; Laing, A.; Lalousis, P.; Lam, N.; Lamb, C.; Lambertz, H. T.; Lang, P. T.; Lanthaler, S.; Neto, E. Lascas; Laszynska, E.; Lawless, R.; Lawson, K. D.; Lazaros, A.; Lazzaro, E.; Leach, R.; Learoyd, G.; Leerink, S.; Lefebvre, X.; Leggate, H. J.; Lehmann, J.; Lehnen, M.; Leichauer, P.; Leichtle, D.; Leipold, F.; Lengar, I.; Lennholm, M.; Lepiavko, B.; Leppanen, J.; Lerche, E.; Lescinskis, A.; Lescinskis, B.; Lesnoj, S.; Leyland, M.; Leysen, W.; Li, Y.; Li, Li; Liang, Y.; Likonen, J.; Linke, J.; Linsmeier, Ch; Lipschultz, B.; Litaudon, X.; Liu, G.; Lloyd, B.; Lo Schiavo, V. P.; Loarer, T.; Loarte, A.; Lomanowski, B.; Lomas, P. J.; Lonnroth, J.; Lopez, J. M.; Lorenzini, R.; Losada, U.; Loughlin, M.; Lowry, C.; Luce, T.; Lucock, R.; Lukin, A.; Luna, C.; Lungaroni, M.; Lungu, C. P.; Lungu, M.; Lunniss, A.; Lunt, T.; Lupelli, I.; Lutsenko, VN; Lyssoivan, A.; Macheta, P.; Macusova, E.; Magesh, B.; Maggi, C.; Maggiora, R.; Mahesan, S.; Maier, H.; Mailloux, J.; Maingi, R.; Makwana, R.; Malaquias, A.; Malinowski, K.; Malizia, A.; Manas, P.; Manduchi, G.; Manso, M. E.; Mantica, P.; Mantsinen, M.; Manzanares, A.; Maquet, Ph; Marandet, Y.; Marcenko, N.; Marchetto, C.; Marchuk, O.; Marconato, N.; Mariani, A.; Marin, M.; Marinelli, M.; Marinucci, M.; Markovic, T.; Marocco, D.; Marot, L.; Marsh, J.; Martin, A.; Martin de Aguilera, A.; Martin-Solis, J. R.; Martone, R.; Martynova, Y.; Maruyama, So; Maslov, M.; Matejcik, S.; Mattei, M.; Matthews, G. F.; Matveev, D.; Matveeva, E.; Mauriya, A.; Maviglia, F.; May-Smith, T.; Mayer, M.; Mayoral, M. L.; Mazon, D.; Mazzotta, C.; McAdams, R.; McCarthy, P. J.; McClements, K. G.; McCormack, O.; McCullen, P. A.; McDonald, D.; McHardy, M.; McKean, R.; McKehon, J.; McNamee, L.; Meadowcroft, C.; Meakins, A.; Medley, S.; Meigh, S.; Meigs, A. G.; Meisl, G.; Meiter, S.; Meitner, S.; Meneses, L.; Menmuir, S.; Mergia, K.; Merle, A.; Merriman, P.; Mertens, Ph; Meshchaninov, S.; Messiaen, A.; Meyer, H.; Michling, R.; Milanesio, D.; Militello, F.; Militello-Asp, E.; Milocco, A.; Miloshevsky, G.; Mink, F.; Minucci, S.; Miron, Luiciana Ines Comes; Mistry, S.; Miyoshi, Y.; Mlynar, J.; Moiseenko; Monaghan, P.; Monakhov, I.; Moon, S.; Mooney, R.; Moradi, S.; Morales, J.; Moran, J.; Mordijck, S.; Moreira, L.; Moro, F.; Morris, J.; Moser, L.; Mosher, S.; Moulton, D.; Mrowetz, T.; Muir, A.; Muraglia, M.; Murari, A.; Muraro, A.; Murphy, S.; Muscat, P.; Muthusonai, N.; Myers, C.; Asakura, N. N.; N'Konga, B.; Nabais, F.; Naish, R.; Naish, J.; Nakano, T.; Napoli, F.; Nardon, E.; Naulin, V.; Nave, M. F. F.; Nedzelskiy; Nemtsev, G.; Nesenevich, V. G.; Nespoli, F.; Neto, A.; Neu, R.; Neverov, V. S.; Newman, M.; Ng, S.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nina, D.; Nishijima, D.; Noble, C.; Nobs, C. R.; Nocente, M.; Nodwell, D.; Nordlund, K.; Nordman, H.; Normanton, R.; Noterdaeme, J. M.; Nowak, S.; Nunes, I.M.; O'Gorman, T.; O'Mullane, M.; Oberkofler, M.; Oberparleiter, M.; Odupitan, T.; Ogawa, M. T.; Okabayashi, M.; Oliver, H.; Olney, R.; Omoregie, L.; Ongena, J.; Orsitto, F.; Orszagh, J.; Osborne, T.; Otin, R.; Owen, A.; Owen, T.; Paccagnella, R.; Packer, L. W.; Pajuste, E.; Pamela, S.; Panja, S.; Papp, P.; Papp, G.; Parail, V; Pardanaud, C.; Diaz, F. Parra; Parsloe, A.; Parsons, N.; Parsons, M.; Pasqualotto, R.; Passeri, M.; Patel, A.; Pathak, S.; Patten, H.; Pau, A.; Pautasso, G.; Pavlichenko, R.; Pavone, A.; Pawelec, E.; Soldan, C. Paz; Peackoc, A.; Pehkonen, S-P; Peluso, E.; Penot, C.; Penzo, J.; Pepperell, K.; Pereira, R.; Cippo, E. Perelli; von Thun, C. 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J.; Rathod, K.; Ratta, G.; Ratynskaia, S.; Ravera, G.; Rebai, M.; Reed, A.; Refy, D.; Regana, J.; Reich, M.; Reid, N.; Reimold, F.; Reinhart, M.; Reinke, M.; Reiser, D.; Rendell, D.; Reux, C.; Cortes, S. D. A. Reyes; Reynolds, S.; Ricci, D.; Richiusa, M.; Rigamonti, D.; Rimini, F. G.; Risner, J.; Riva, M.; Rivero-Rodriguez, J.; Roach, C.; Robins, R.; Robinson, S.; Robson, D.; Rodionov, R.; Rodrigues, P.; Rodriguez, J.; Rohde, Volker; Romanelli, M.; Romanelli, F.; Romanelli, S.; Romazanov, J.; Rowe, S.; Rubel, M.; Rubinacci, G.; Rubino, G.; Ruchko, L.; Ruset, C.; Rzadkiewicz, J.; Saarelma, S.; Sabot, R.; Saez, X.; Safi, E.; Sahlberg, A.; Saibene, G.; Saleem, M.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Salmon, R.; Salzedas, F.; Samm, U.; Sandiford, D.; Santa, P.; Santala, M. I. K.; Santos, B.; Santucci, A.; Sartori, F.; Sartori, R.; Sauter, O.; Scannell, R.; Schluck, F.; Schlummer, T.; Schmid, K.; Schmuck, S.; Schoepf, K.; Schweinzer, J.; Schworer, D.; Scott, S. D.; Sergienko, G.; Sertoli, M.; Shabbir, A.; Sharapov, S. E.; Shaw, A.; Sheikh, H.; Shepherd, A.; Shevelev, A.; Shiraki, D.; Shumack, A.; Sias, G.; Sibbald, M.; Sieglin, B.; Silburn, S.; Silva, J.; Silva, A.; Silva, C.; Silvagni, D.; Simmons, P.; Simpson, J.; Sinha, A.; Sipila, S. K.; Sips, A. C. C.; Siren, Paula; Sirinelli, A.; Sjostrand, H.; Skiba, M.; Skilton, R.; Skvara; Slade, B.; Smith, R.; Smith, P.; Smith, S. F.; Snoj, L.; Soare, S.; Solano, E. R.; Somers, A.; Sommariva, C.; Sonato, P.; Sos, M.; Sousa, J.; Sozzi, C.; Spagnolo, S.; Sparapani, P.; Spelzini, T.; Spineanu, F.; Sprada, D.; Sridhar, S.; Stables, G.; Stallard, J.; Stamatelatos, I.; Stamp, M. F.; Stan-Sion, C.; Stancar, Z.; Staniec, P.; Stankunas, G.; Stano, M.; Stavrou, C.; Stefanikova, E.; Stepanov, A.Y.; Stephen, A.; Stephen, M.; Stephens, J.; Stevens, B.; Stober, J.; Stokes, C.; Strachan, J.; Strand, P.; Strauss, H. R.; Strom, P.; Studholme, W.; Subba, F.; Suchkov, E.; Summers, H. 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C.; Wright, P.; Wukitch, S.; Wynn, A.; Xiang, L.; Xu, T.; Xue, Y.; Yadikin, D.; Yakovenko, Y.; Yanling, W.; Yavorskij, Viktor; Young, E.S.K.; Young, R.; Young, D.; Zacks, J.; Zagorski, R.; Zaitsev, F. S.; Zakharov, L.; Zanino, R.; Zarins, A.; Zarins, R.; Fernandez, D. Zarzoso; Zastrow, K. D.; Zerbini, M.; Zhang, W.; Zhou, Y.; Zilli, E.; Zocco, A.; Zoita, V.L.; Zoletnik, S.; Zwingmann, W.; Zychor, I.; Ranjan, Sutapa
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
  • Overview of the JET results in support to ITER
    (2017-06-15) Litaudon, X.; Abduallev, S.; Abhangi, M.; Abreu, P.; Afzal, M.; Aggarwal, K. M.; Ahlgren, T.; Ahn, J. H.; Aho-Mantila, L.; Aiba, N.; Airila, M.; Albanese, R.; Aldred, V.; Alegre, D.; Alessi, E.; Aleynikov, P.; Alfier, A.; Alkseev, A.; Allinson, M.; Alper, B.; Alves, E.; Ambrosino, G.; Ambrosino, R.; Amicucci, L.; Amosov, V.; Andersson Sundén, E.; Angelone, M.; Anghel, M.; Angioni, C.; Appel, L.; Appelbee, C.; Arena, P.; Ariola, M.; Arnichand, H.; Arshad, S.; Ash, A.; Ashikawa, N.; Aslanyan, V.; Asunta, O.; Auriemma, F.; Austin, Y.; Avotina, L.; Axton, M. D.; Ayres, C.; Bacharis, M.; Baciero, A.; Baiáo, D.; Bailey, S.; Baker, A.; Balboa, I.; Balden, M.; Balshaw, N.; Bament, R.; Banks, J. W.; Baranov, Y. F.; Barnard, M. A.; Barnes, D.; Barnes, M.; Barnsley, R.; Baron Wiechec, A.; Barrera Orte, L.; Baruzzo, M.; Basiuk, V.; Bassan, M.; Bastow, R.; Batista, A.; Batistoni, P.; Baughan, R.; Bauvir, B.; Baylor, L.; Bazylev, B.; Beal, J.; Beaumont, P. S.; Beckers, M.; Beckett, B.; Becoulet, A.; Bekris, N.; Beldishevski, M.; Bell, K.; Belli, F.; Bellinger, M.; Belonohy; Ben Ayed, N.; Benterman, N. A.; Bergsåker, H.; Bernardo, J.; Bernert, M.; Berry, M.; Bertalot, L.; Besliu, C.; Beurskens, M.; Bieg, B.; Bielecki, J.; Biewer, T.; Bigi, M.; Bílková, P.; Binda, F.; Bisoffi, A.; Bizarro, J. P.S.; Björkas, C.; Blackburn, J.; Blackman, K.; Blackman, T. R.; Blanchard, P.; Blatchford, P.; Bobkov, V.; Boboc, A.; Bodnár, G.; Bogar, O.; Bolshakova, I.; Bolzonella, T.; Bonanomi, N.; Bonelli, F.; Boom, J.; Booth, J.; Borba, D.; Borodin, D.; Borodkina, I.; Botrugno, A.; Bottereau, C.; Boulting, P.; Bourdelle, C.; Bowden, M.; Bower, C.; Bowman, C.; Boyce, T.; Boyd, C.; Boyer, H. J.; Bradshaw, J. M.A.; Braic, V.; Bravanec, R.; Breizman, B.; Bremond, S.; Brennan, P. D.; Breton, S.; Brett, A.; Brezinsek, S.; Bright, M. D.J.; Brix, M.; Broeckx, W.; Brombin, M.; Brosławski, A.; Brown, D. P.D.; Brown, M.; Bruno, E.; Bucalossi, J.; Buch, J.; Buchanan, J.; Buckley, M. A.; Budny, R.; Bufferand, H.; Bulman, M.; Bulmer, N.; Bunting, P.; Buratti, P.; Burckhart, A.; Buscarino, A.; Busse, A.; Butler, N. K.; Bykov, I.; Byrne, J.; Cahyna, P.; Calabrò, G.; Calvo, I.; Camenen, Y.; Camp, P.; Campling, D. C.; Cane, J.; Cannas, B.; Capel, A. J.; Card, P. J.; Cardinali, A.; Carman, P.; Carr, M.; Carralero, D.; Carraro, L.; Carvalho, B. B.; Carvalho, I.; Carvalho, P.; Casson, F. J.; Castaldo, C.; Catarino, N.; Caumont, J.; Causa, F.; Cavazzana, R.; Cave-Ayland, K.; Cavinato, M.; Cecconello, M.; Ceccuzzi, S.; Cecil, E.; Cenedese, A.; Cesario, R.; Challis, C. D.; Chandler, M.; Chandra, D.; Chang, C. S.; Chankin, A.; Chapman, I. T.; Chapman, S. C.; Chernyshova, M.; Chitarin, G.; Ciraolo, G.; Ciric, D.; Citrin, J.; Clairet, F.; Clark, E.; Clark, M.; Clarkson, R.; Clatworthy, D.; Clements, C.; Cleverly, M.; Coad, J. P.; Coates, P. A.; Cobalt, A.; Coccorese, V.; Cocilovo, V.; Coda, S.; Coelho, R.; Coenen, J. W.; Coffey, I.; Colas, L.; Collins, S.; Conka, D.; Conroy, S.; Conway, N.; Coombs, D.; Cooper, D.; Cooper, S. R.; Corradino, C.; Corre, Y.; Corrigan, G.; Cortes, S.; Coster, D.; Couchman, A. S.; Cox, M. P.; Craciunescu, T.; Cramp, S.; Craven, R.; Crisanti, F.; Croci, G.; Croft, D.; Crombé, K.; Crowe, R.; Cruz, N.; Cseh, G.; Cufar, A.; Cullen, A.; Curuia, M.; Czarnecka, A.; Dabirikhah, H.; Dalgliesh, P.; Dalley, S.; Dankowski, J.; Darrow, D.; Davies, O.; Davis, W.; Day, C.; Day, I. E.; De Bock, M.; De Castro, A.; De La Cal, E.; De La Luna, E.; De Masi, G.; De Pablos, J. L.; De Temmerman, G.; De Tommasi, G.; De Vries, P.; Deakin, K.; Deane, J.; Degli Agostini, F.; Dejarnac, R.; Delabie, E.; Den Harder, N.; Dendy, R. O.; Denis, J.; Denner, P.; Devaux, S.; Devynck, P.; Di Maio, F.; Di Siena, A.; Di Troia, C.; Dinca, P.; D'Inca, R.; Ding, B.; Dittmar, T.; Doerk, H.; Doerner, R. P.; Donné, T.; Dorling, S. E.; Dormido-Canto, S.; Doswon, S.; Douai, D.; Doyle, P. T.; Drenik, A.; Drewelow, P.; Drews, P.; Duckworth, Ph; Dumont, R.; Dumortier, P.; Dunai, D.; Dunne, M.; ĎUran, I.; Durodié, F.; Dutta, P.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Dylst, K.; Dzysiuk, N.; Edappala, P. V.; Edmond, J.; Edwards, A. M.; Edwards, J.; Eich, Th; Ekedahl, A.; El-Jorf, R.; Elsmore, C. G.; Enachescu, M.; Ericsson, G.; Eriksson, F.; Eriksson, J.; Eriksson, L. G.; Esposito, B.; Esquembri, S.; Esser, H. G.; Esteve, D.; Evans, B.; Evans, G. E.; Evison, G.; Ewart, G. D.; Fagan, D.; Faitsch, M.; Falie, D.; Fanni, A.; Fasoli, A.; Faustin, J. M.; Fawlk, N.; Fazendeiro, L.; Fedorczak, N.; Felton, R. C.; Fenton, K.; Fernades, A.; Fernandes, H.; Ferreira, J.; Fessey, J. A.; Février, O.; Ficker, O.; Field, A.; Fietz, S.; Figueiredo, A.; Figueiredo, J.; Fil, A.; Finburg, P.; Firdaouss, M.; Fischer, U.; Fittill, L.; Fitzgerald, M.; Flammini, D.; Flanagan, J.; Fleming, C.; Flinders, K.; Fonnesu, N.; Fontdecaba, J. M.; Formisano, A.; Forsythe, L.; Fortuna, L.; Fortuna-Zalesna, E.; Fortune, M.; Foster, S.; Franke, T.; Franklin, T.; Frasca, M.; Frassinetti, L.; Freisinger, M.; Fresa, R.; Frigione, D.; Fuchs, V.; Fuller, D.; Futatani, S.; Fyvie, J.; Gál, K.; Galassi, D.; Gałazka, K.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Gallagher, J.; Gallart, D.; Galváo, R.; Gao, X.; Gao, Y.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Carrasco, A.; García-Muñoz, M.; Gardarein, J. L.; Garzotti, L.; Gaudio, P.; Gauthier, E.; Gear, D. F.; Gee, S. J.; Geiger, B.; Gelfusa, M.; Gerasimov, S.; Gervasini, G.; Gethins, M.; Ghani, Z.; Ghate, M.; Gherendi, M.; Giacalone, J. C.; Giacomelli, L.; Gibson, C. S.; Giegerich, T.; Gil, C.; Gil, L.; Gilligan, S.; Gin, D.; Giovannozzi, E.; Girardo, J. B.; Giroud, C.; Giruzzi, G.; Glöggler, S.; Godwin, J.; Goff, J.; Gohil, P.; Goloborod'Ko, V.; Gomes, R.; Goncalves, B.; Goniche, M.; Goodliffe, M.; Goodyear, A.; Gorini, G.; Gosk, M.; Goulding, R.; Goussarov, A.; Gowland, R.; Graham, B.; Graham, M. E.; Graves, J. P.; Grazier, N.; Grazier, P.; Green, N. R.; Greuner, H.; Grierson, B.; Griph, F. S.; Grisolia, C.; Grist, D.; Groth, M.; Grove, R.; Grundy, C. N.; Grzonka, J.; Guard, D.; Guérard, C.; Guillemaut, C.; Guirlet, R.; Gurl, C.; Utoh, H. H.; Hackett, L. J.; Hacquin, S.; Hagar, A.; Hager, R.; Hakola, A.; Halitovs, M.; Hall, S. J.; Hallworth Cook, S. P.; Hamlyn-Harris, C.; Hammond, K.; Harrington, C.; Harrison, J.; Harting, D.; Hasenbeck, F.; Hatano, Y.; Hatch, D. R.; Haupt, T. D.V.; Hawes, J.; Hawkes, N. C.; Hawkins, J.; Hawkins, P.; Haydon, P. W.; Hayter, N.; Hazel, S.; Heesterman, P. J.L.; Heinola, K.; Hellesen, C.; Hellsten, T.; Helou, W.; Hemming, O. N.; Hender, T. C.; Henderson, M.; Henderson, S. S.; Henriques, R.; Hepple, D.; Hermon, G.; Hertout, P.; Hidalgo, C.; Highcock, E. G.; Hill, M.; Hillairet, J.; Hillesheim, J.; Hillis, D.; Hizanidis, K.; Hjalmarsson, A.; Hobirk, J.; Hodille, E.; Hogben, C. H.A.; Hogeweij, G. M.D.; Hollingsworth, A.; Hollis, S.; Homfray, D. A.; Horáček, J.; Hornung, G.; Horton, A. R.; Horton, L. D.; Horvath, L.; Hotchin, S. P.; Hough, M. R.; Howarth, P. J.; Hubbard, A.; Huber, A.; Huber, V.; Huddleston, T. M.; Hughes, M.; Huijsmans, G. T.A.; Hunter, C. L.; Huynh, P.; Hynes, A. M.; Iglesias, D.; Imazawa, N.; Imbeaux, F.; Imríšek, M.; Incelli, M.; Innocente, P.; Irishkin, M.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Jachmich, S.; Jacobsen, A. S.; Jacquet, P.; Jansons, J.; Jardin, A.; Järvinen, A.; Jaulmes, F.; Jednoróg, S.; Jenkins, I.; Jeong, C.; Jepu, I.; Joffrin, E.; Johnson, R.; Johnson, Thomas; Johnston, Jane; Joita, L.; Jones, G.; Jones, T. T.C.; Hoshino, K. K.; Kallenbach, A.; Kamiya, K.; Kaniewski, J.; Kantor, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karhunen, J.; Karkinsky, D.; Karnowska, I.; Kaufman, M.; Kaveney, G.; Kazakov, Y.; Kazantzidis, V.; Keeling, D. L.; Keenan, T.; Keep, J.; Kempenaars, M.; Kennedy, C.; Kenny, D.; Kent, J.; Kent, O. N.; Khilkevich, E.; Kim, H. T.; Kim, H. S.; Kinch, A.; King, C.; King, D.; King, R. F.; Kinna, D. J.; Kiptily, V.; Kirk, A.; Kirov, K.; Kirschner, A.; Kizane, G.; Klepper, C.; Klix, A.; Knight, P.; Knipe, S. J.; Knott, S.; Kobuchi, T.; Köchl, F.; Kocsis, G.; Kodeli, I.; Kogan, L.; Kogut, D.; Koivuranta, S.; Kominis, Y.; Köppen, M.; Kos, B.; Koskela, T.; Koslowski, H. R.; Koubiti, M.; Kovari, M.; Kowalska-Strzȩciwilk, E.; Krasilnikov, A.; Krasilnikov, V.; Krawczyk, N.; Kresina, M.; Krieger, K.; Krivska, A.; Kruezi, U.; Ksiażek, I.; Kukushkin, A.; Kundu, A.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwak, S.; Kwiatkowski, R.; Kwon, O. J.; Laguardia, L.; Lahtinen, A.; Laing, A.; Lam, N.; Lambertz, H. T.; Lane, C.; Lang, P. T.; Lanthaler, S.; Lapins, J.; Lasa, A.; Last, J. R.; Łaszyńska, E.; Lawless, R.; Lawson, A.; Lawson, K. D.; Lazaros, A.; Lazzaro, E.; Leddy, J.; Lee, S.; Lefebvre, X.; Leggate, H. J.; Lehmann, J.; Lehnen, M.; Leichtle, D.; Leichuer, P.; Leipold, F.; Lengar, I.; Lennholm, M.; Lerche, E.; Lescinskis, A.; Lesnoj, S.; Letellier, E.; Leyland, M.; Leysen, W.; Li, Li; Liang, Y.; Likonen, J.; Linke, J.; Linsmeier, Ch; Lipschultz, B.; Liu, G.; Liu, Y.; Lo Schiavo, V. P.; Loarer, T.; Loarte, A.; Lobel, R. C.; Lomanowski, B.; Lomas, P. J.; Lönnroth, J.; López, J. M.; López-Razola, J.; Lorenzini, R.; Losada, U.; Lovell, J. J.; Loving, A. B.; Lowry, C.; Luce, T.; Lucock, R. M.A.; Lukin, A.; Luna, C.; Lungaroni, M.; Lungu, C. P.; Lungu, M.; Lunniss, A.; Lupelli, I.; Lyssoivan, A.; Macdonald, N.; Macheta, P.; Maczewa, K.; Magesh, B.; Maget, P.; Maggi, C.; Maier, H.; Mailloux, J.; Makkonen, T.; Makwana, R.; Malaquias, A.; Malizia, A.; Manas, P.; Manning, A.; Manso, M. E.; Mantica, P.; Mantsinen, M.; Manzanares, A.; Maquet, Ph; Marandet, Y.; Marcenko, N.; Marchetto, C.; Marchuk, O.; Marinelli, M.; Marinucci, M.; Markovič, T.; Marocco, D.; Marot, L.; Marren, C. A.; Marshal, R.; Martin, A.; Martin, Y.; Martín De Aguilera, A.; Martínez, F. J.; Martín-Solís, J. R.; Martynova, Y.; Maruyama, So; Masiello, A.; Maslov, M.; Matejcik, S.; Mattei, M.; Matthews, G. F.; Maviglia, F.; Mayer, M.; Mayoral, M. L.; May-Smith, T.; Mazon, D.; Mazzotta, C.; McAdams, R.; McCarthy, P. J.; McClements, K. G.; McCormack, O.; McCullen, P. A.; McDonald, D.; McIntosh, S.; McKean, R.; McKehon, J.; Meadows, R. C.; Meakins, A.; Medina, F.; Medland, M.; Medley, S.; Meigh, S.; Meigs, A. G.; Meisl, G.; Meitner, S.; Meneses, L.; Menmuir, S.; Mergia, K.; Merrigan, I. R.; Mertens, Ph; Meshchaninov, S.; Messiaen, A.; Meyer, H.; Mianowski, S.; Michling, R.; Middleton-Gear, D.; Miettunen, J.; Militello, F.; Militello-Asp, E.; Miloshevsky, G.; Mink, F.; Minucci, S.; Miyoshi, Y.; Mlynář, J.; Molina, D.; Monakhov, I.; Moneti, M.; Mooney, R.; Moradi, S.; Mordijck, S.; Moreira, L.; Moreno, R.; Moro, F.; Morris, A. W.; Morris, J.; Moser, L.; Mosher, S.; Moulton, D.; Murari, A.; Muraro, A.; Murphy, S.; Asakura, N. N.; Na, Y. S.; Nabais, F.; Naish, R.; Nakano, T.; Nardon, E.; Naulin, V.; Nave, M. F.F.; Nedzelski, I.; Nemtsev, G.; Nespoli, F.; Neto, A.; Neu, R.; Neverov, V. S.; Newman, M.; Nicholls, K. J.; Nicolas, T.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nielsen, P.; Nilsson, E.; Nishijima, D.; Noble, C.; Nocente, M.; Nodwell, D.; Nordlund, K.; Nordman, H.; Nouailletas, R.; Nunes, I.; Oberkofler, M.; Odupitan, T.; Ogawa, M. T.; O'Gorman, T.; Okabayashi, M.; Olney, R.; Omolayo, O.; O'Mullane, M.; Ongena, J.; Orsitto, F.; Orszagh, J.; Oswuigwe, B. I.; Otin, R.; Owen, A.; Paccagnella, R.; Pace, N.; Pacella, D.; Packer, L. W.; Page, A.; Pajuste, E.; Palazzo, S.; Pamela, S.; Panja, S.; Papp, P.; Paprok, R.; Parail, V.; Park, M.; Parra Diaz, F.; Parsons, M.; Pasqualotto, R.; Patel, A.; Pathak, S.; Paton, D.; Patten, H.; Pau, A.; Pawelec, E.; Paz Soldan, C.; Peackoc, A.; Pearson, I. J.; Pehkonen, S. P.; Peluso, E.; Penot, C.; Pereira, A.; Pereira, R.; Pereira Puglia, P. P.; Perez Von Thun, C.; Peruzzo, S.; Peschanyi, S.; Peterka, M.; Petersson, P.; Petravich, G.; Petre, A.; Petrella, N.; Petržilka, V.; Peysson, Y.; Pfefferlé, D.; Philipps, V.; Pillon, M.; Pintsuk, G.; Piovesan, P.; Pires Dos Reis, A.; Piron, L.; Pironti, A.; Pisano, F.; Pitts, R.; Pizzo, F.; Plyusnin, V.; Pomaro, N.; Pompilian, O. G.; Pool, P. J.; Popovichev, S.; Porfiri, M. T.; Porosnicu, C.; Porton, M.; Possnert, G.; Potzel, S.; Powell, T.; Pozzi, J.; Prajapati, V.; Prakash, R.; Prestopino, G.; Price, D.; Price, M.; Price, R.; Prior, P.; Proudfoot, R.; Pucella, G.; Puglia, P.; Puiatti, M. E.; Pulley, D.; Purahoo, K.; Pütterich, Th; Rachlew, E.; Rack, M.; Ragona, R.; Rainford, M. S.J.; Rakha, A.; Ramogida, G.; Ranjan, S.; Rapson, C. J.; Rasmussen, J. J.; Rathod, K.; Rattá, G.; Ratynskaia, S.; Ravera, G.; Rayner, C.; Rebai, M.; Reece, D.; Reed, A.; Réfy, D.; Regan, B.; Regaña, J.; Reich, M.; Reid, N.; Reimold, F.; Reinhart, M.; Reinke, M.; Reiser, D.; Rendell, D.; Reux, C.; Reyes Cortes, S. D.A.; Reynolds, S.; Riccardo, V.; Richardson, N.; Riddle, K.; Rigamonti, D.; Rimini, F. G.; Risner, J.; Riva, M.; Roach, C.; Robins, R. J.; Robinson, S. A.; Robinson, T.; Robson, D. W.; Roccella, R.; Rodionov, R.; Rodrigues, P.; Rodriguez, J.; Rohde, V.; Romanelli, F.; Romanelli, M.; Romanelli, S.; Romazanov, J.; Rowe, S.; Rubel, M.; Rubinacci, G.; Rubino, G.; Ruchko, L.; Ruiz, M.; Ruset, C.; Rzadkiewicz, J.; Saarelma, S.; Sabot, R.; Safi, E.; Sagar, P.; Saibene, G.; Saint-Laurent, F.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Salmon, R.; Salzedas, F.; Samaddar, D.; Samm, U.; Sandiford, D.; Santa, P.; Santala, M. I.K.; Santos, B.; Santucci, A.; Sartori, F.; Sartori, R.; Sauter, O.; Scannell, R.; Schlummer, T.; Schmid, K.; Schmidt, V.; Schmuck, S.; Schneider, Mireille; Schöpf, K.; Schwörer, D.; Scott, S. D.; Sergienko, G.; Sertoli, M.; Shabbir, A.; Sharapov, S. E.; Shaw, A.; Shaw, R.; Sheikh, H.; Shepherd, A.; Shevelev, A.; Shumack, A.; Sias, G.; Sibbald, M.; Sieglin, B.; Silburn, S.; Silva, A.; Silva, C.; Simmons, P. A.; Simpson, J.; Simpson-Hutchinson, J.; Sinha, A.; Sipilä, S. K.; Sips, A. C.C.; Sirén, P.; Sirinelli, A.; Sjöstrand, H.; Skiba, M.; Skilton, R.; Slabkowska, K.; Slade, B.; Smith, N.; Smith, P. G.; Smith, R.; Smith, T. J.; Smithies, M.; Snoj, L.; Soare, S.; Solano, E. R.; Somers, A.; Sommariva, C.; Sonato, P.; Sopplesa, A.; Sousa, J.; Sozzi, C.; Spagnolo, S.; Spelzini, T.; Spineanu, F.; Stables, G.; Stamatelatos, I.; Stamp, M. F.; Staniec, P.; Stankūnas, G.; Stan-Sion, C.; Stead, M. J.; Stefanikova, E.; Stepanov, I.; Stephen, A. V.; Stephen, M.; Stevens, A.; Stevens, B. D.; Strachan, J.; Strand, P.; Strauss, H. R.; Ström, P.; Stubbs, G.; Studholme, W.; Subba, F.; Summers, H. P.; Svensson, J.; Świderski; Szabolics, T.; Szawlowski, M.; Szepesi, G.; Suzuki, T. T.; Tál, B.; Tala, T.; Talbot, A. R.; Talebzadeh, S.; Taliercio, C.; Tamain, P.; Tame, C.; Tang, W.; Tardocchi, M.; Taroni, L.; Taylor, D.; Taylor, K. A.; Tegnered, D.; Telesca, G.; Teplova, N.; Terranova, D.; Testa, D.; Tholerus, E.; Thomas, J. D.; Thomas, P.; Thompson, A.; Thompson, C. A.; Thompson, V. K.; Thorne, L.; Thornton, A.; Thrysøe, A. S.; Tigwell, P. A.; Tipton, N.; Tiseanu, I.; Tojo, H.; Tokitani, M.; Tolias, P.; Tomeš, M.; Tonner, P.; Towndrow, M.; Trimble, P.; Tripsky, M.; Tsalas, M.; Tsavalas, P.; Tskhakaya Jun, D.; Turner, I.; Turner, M. M.; Turnyanskiy, M.; Tvalashvili, G.; Tyrrell, S. G.J.; Uccello, A.; Ul-Abidin, Z.; Uljanovs, J.; Ulyatt, D.; Urano, H.; Uytdenhouwen, I.; Vadgama, A. P.; Valcarcel, D.; Valentinuzzi, M.; Valisa, M.; Vallejos Olivares, P.; Valovic, M.; Van De Mortel, M.; Van Eester, D.; Van Renterghem, W.; Van Rooij, G. J.; Varje, J.; Varoutis, S.; Vartanian, S.; Vasava, K.; Vasilopoulou, T.; Vega, J.; Verdoolaege, G.; Verhoeven, R.; Verona, C.; Verona Rinati, G.; Veshchev, E.; Vianello, N.; Vicente, J.; Viezzer, E.; Villari, S.; Villone, F.; Vincenzi, P.; Vinyar, I.; Viola, B.; Vitins, A.; Vizvary, Z.; Vlad, M.; Voitsekhovitch, I.; Vondráček, P.; Vora, N.; Vu, T.; Pires De Sa, W. W.; Wakeling, B.; Waldon, C. W.F.; Walkden, N.; Walker, M.; Walker, R.; Walsh, M.; Wang, E.; Wang, N.; Warder, S.; Warren, R. J.; Waterhouse, J.; Watkins, N. W.; Watts, C.; Wauters, T.; Weckmann, A.; Weiland, J.; Weisen, H.; Weiszflog, M.; Wellstood, C.; West, A. T.; Wheatley, M. R.; Whetham, S.; Whitehead, A. M.; Whitehead, B. D.; Widdowson, A. M.; Wiesen, S.; Wilkinson, J.; Williams, J.; Williams, M.; Wilson, A. R.; Wilson, D. J.; Wilson, H. R.; Wilson, J.; Wischmeier, M.; Withenshaw, G.; Withycombe, A.; Witts, D. M.; Wood, D.; Wood, R.; Woodley, C.; Wray, S.; Wright, J.; Wright, J. C.; Wu, J.; Wukitch, S.; Wynn, A.; Xu, T.; Yadikin, D.; Yanling, W.; Yao, Lieming; Yavorskij, V.; Yoo, M. G.; Young, C.; Young, D.; Young, I. D.; Young, R.; Zacks, J.; Zagorski, R.; Zaitsev, F. S.; Zanino, R.; Zarins, A.; Zastrow, K. D.; Zerbini, M.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, Wei; Zilli, E.; Zoita, V.; Zoletnik, S.; Zychor, I.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The 2014-2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L-H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at β N ∼ 1.8 and n/n GW ∼ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D-T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed.
  • Parameter dependencies of the separatrix density in low triangularity L-mode and H-mode JET-ILW plasmas
    (2023-03) Lomanowski, B.; Rubino, G.; Uccello, A.; Dunne, M.; Vianello, N.; Aleiferis, S.; Canik, J.; Carvalho, I.; Corrigan, G.; Frassinetti, L.; Frigione, D.; Garzotti, L.; Groth, M.; Meigs, A.; Maslov, M.; von Thun, C. Perez; Rimini, F.; Schneider, P. A.; Sergienko, G.; Simpson, J.; Van Eester, D.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The midplane electron separatrix density, n e,sep, in JET-ILW L-mode and H-mode low triangularity deuterium fuelled plasmas exhibits a strong explicit dependence on the averaged outer divertor target electron temperature, n e,sep ∼ T e,ot−1/2. This dependence is reproduced by analytic reversed two point model (rev-2PM), and arises from parallel pressure balance, as well as the ratio of the power and momentum volumetric loss factors, (1 − f cooling)/(1 − f mom-loss). Quantifying the influence of the (1 − f cooling) and (1 − f mom-loss) loss factors on n e,sep has been enabled by measurement estimates of these quantities from L-mode density (fueling) ramps in the outer horizontal, VH(C), and vertical target, VV, divertor configurations. Rev-2PM n e,sep estimates from the extended H-mode and more limited L-mode datasets are recovered to within ±25% of the measurements, with a scaling factor applied to account for use of T e,ot , an averaged quantity, rather than flux tube resolved target values. Both the (1 − f cooling) and (1 − f mom-loss) trends and recovery of n e,sep using the rev-2PM formatting are reproduced in EDGE2D-EIRENE L-mode-like and H-mode-like density scan simulations. The general lack of a divertor configuration effect in the JET-ILW n e,sep trends can be attributed to a significant influence of main chamber recycling, which has been shown in the EDGE2D-EIRENE results to moderate n e,sep with respect to changes in divertor neutral leakage imposed by changes in the divertor configuration. The unified n e,sep vs T e,ot trends can, however, be broken if large modifications to the divertor geometry (e.g. complete removal of the outer divertor baffle structure) are introduced in the model. The more pronounced high-field side high density region formation in the VH(C) configuration with reduced clearance to the separatrix does not appear to have a significant influence on the outer midplane separatrix and pedestal parameters when mapped to T e,ot , although conditions at the inner midplane could not be assessed.
  • Pedestal particle balance studies in JET-ILW H-mode plasmas
    (2023-04) Horvath, L.; Lomanowski, B.; Karhunen, J.; Maslov, M.; Schneider, P. A.; Simpson, J.; Brix, M.; Chapman-Oplopoiou, B.; Corrigan, G.; Frassinetti, L.; Groth, M.; Lawson, K.; Maggi, C. F.; Menmuir, S.; Morales, R. B.; Moulton, D.; Myatra, O.; Nina, D.; Pereira, T.; Réfy, D. I.; Saarelma, S.; Vécsei, M.; , JET Contributors
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    JET-ILW type I ELMy H-modes at 2.5 MA/2.8 T with constant NBI heating (23 MW) and gas fuelling rate were performed, utilising edge localised mode (ELM) pacing by vertical kicks and plasma shaping (triangularity, δ) as tools to disentangle the effects of ELMs, inter-ELM transport and edge stability on the pedestal particle balance. In agreement with previous studies, the pedestal confinement improves with increasing δ, mostly due to a significant increase in pedestal density while the ELM frequency ( f E L M ) is decreased. Improved pedestal confinement with increasing δ was observed even when the pedestal MHD stability was degraded artificially by vertical kicks, implying that increased triangularity may favourably affect the inter-ELM pedestal recovery. The workflow developed to quantify the pedestal particle balance uses high time-resolution profile reflectometry to characterise the inter-ELM evolution of the plasma particle content ( d N / d t ), the NEO drift-kinetic solver to evaluate the neoclassical fluxes and interpretative EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations to estimate the edge particle source. The edge particle source is then constrained by deuterium Balmer-α line intensity measurements in the main chamber, which are, however, strongly affected by reflections from the metal walls. The reflections are accounted for by the CHERAB code taking the divertor emission (the brightest light source in the torus) distribution from imaging spectroscopy measurements as input. Our analysis shows that in the second half of the ELM cycle, the volume-integrated particle source is larger than d N / d t , indicating that transport plays a key role in the inter-ELM pedestal recovery.
  • Physics and applications of three-ion ICRF scenarios for fusion research
    (2021-02-01) Kazakov, Ye O.; Ongena, J.; Wright, J. C.; Wukitch, S. J.; Bobkov, V.; Garcia, J.; Kiptily, V. G.; Mantsinen, M. J.; Nocente, M.; Schneider, M.; Weisen, H.; Baranov, Y.; Baruzzo, M.; Bilato, R.; Chomiczewska, A.; Coelho, R.; Craciunescu, T.; Crombé, K.; Dreval, M.; Dumont, R.; Dumortier, P.; Durodié, F.; Eriksson, Jakob; Fitzgerald, M.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Gallart, D.; Garcia-Muñoz, M.; Giacomelli, L.; Giroud, C.; Gonzalez-Martin, J.; Hakola, Antti; Jacquet, P.; Johnson, T.; Kappatou, A.; Keeling, D.; King, D.; Kirov, K. K.; Lamalle, P.; Lennholm, M.; Lerche, E.; Maslov, M.; Mazzi, S.; Menmuir, S.; Monakhov, I.; Nabais, F.; Nave, M. F.F.; Ochoukov, R.; Polevoi, A. R.; Pinches, S. D.; Plank, U.; Rigamonti, D.; Salewski, M.; Schneider, P. A.; Sharapov, S. E.; Štancar; Thorman, A.; Valcarcel, D.; Van Eester, D.; Van Schoor, M.; Varje, J.; Weiland, M.; Wendler, N.
     A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    This paper summarizes the physical principles behind the novel three-ion scenarios using radio frequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). We discuss how to transform mode conversion electron heating into a new flexible ICRF technique for ion cyclotron heating and fast-ion generation in multi-ion species plasmas. The theoretical section provides practical recipes for selecting the plasma composition to realize three-ion ICRF scenarios, including two equivalent possibilities for the choice of resonant absorbers that have been identified. The theoretical findings have been convincingly confirmed by the proof-of-principle experiments in mixed H-D plasmas on the Alcator C-Mod and JET tokamaks, using thermal 3He and fast D ions from neutral beam injection as resonant absorbers. Since 2018, significant progress has been made on the ASDEX Upgrade and JET tokamaks in H-4He and H-D plasmas, guided by the ITER needs. Furthermore, the scenario was also successfully applied in JET D-3He plasmas as a technique to generate fusion-born alpha particles and study effects of fast ions on plasma confinement under ITER-relevant plasma heating conditions. Tuned for the central deposition of ICRF power in a small region in the plasma core of large devices such as JET, three-ion ICRF scenarios are efficient in generating large populations of passing fast ions and modifying the q-profile. Recent experimental and modeling developments have expanded the use of three-ion scenarios from dedicated ICRF studies to a flexible tool with a broad range of different applications in fusion research.
  • Tritium removal from JET-ILW after T and D-T experimental campaigns
    (2023-11) Matveev, D.; Douai, D.; Wauters, T.; Widdowson, A.; Jepu, I.; Maslov, M.; Brezinsek, S.; Dittmar, T.; Monakhov, I.; Jacquet, P.; Dumortier, P.; Sheikh, H.; Felton, R.; Lowry, C.; Ciric, D.; Banks, J.; Buckingham, R.; Weisen, H.; Laguardia, L.; Gervasini, G.; de la Cal, E.; Delabie, E.; Ghani, Z.; Gaspar, J.; Romazanov, J.; Groth, M.; Kumpulainen, H.; Karhunen, J.; Knipe, S.; Aleiferis, S.; Loarer, T.; Meigs, A.; Noble, C.; Papadopoulos, G.; Pawelec, E.; Romanelli, S.; Silburn, S.; Joffrin, E.; Tsitrone, E.; Rimini, F.; Maggi, C. F.; , JET Contributors
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    After the second Deuterium-Tritium Campaign (DTE2) in the JET tokamak with the ITER-Like Wall (ILW) and full tritium campaigns that preceded and followed after the DTE2, a sequence of fuel recovery methods was applied to promote tritium removal from wall components. The sequence started with several days of baking of the main chamber walls at 240 °C and at 320 °C. Subsequently, baking was superimposed with Ion-Cyclotron Wall Conditioning (ICWC) and Glow Discharge Conditioning (GDC) cleaning cycles in deuterium. Diverted plasma operation in deuterium with different strike point configurations, including a Raised Inner Strike Point (RISP) configuration, and with different plasma heating—Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) and Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)—concluded the cleaning sequence. Tritium content in plasma and in the pumped gas was monitored throughout the experiment. The applied fuel recovery methods allowed reducing the residual tritium content in deuterium NBI-heated plasmas to about 0.1% as deduced from neutron rate measurements. This value is well below the requirement of 1% set by the maximum 14 MeV fusion neutron budget allocated in the ensuing deuterium plasma campaign. The quantified tritium removal over the course of the experiment was 13.4 ± 0.7 × 10 22 atoms or 0.67 ± 0.03 g with ∼58% attributed to baking, ∼12.5% to ICWC, ∼26% to GDC, and ∼3.5% to first low power RISP plasmas. The experimentally estimated amount of removed tritium is in good agreement with long-term tritium accounting by the JET tritium reprocessing plant, in which the unaccounted amount was reduced by 0.71 g after the cleaning experiment.