Browsing by Author "Martin, F."

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  • Anisotropic hysteresis representation of steel sheets based on a vectorization technique applied to Jiles-Atherton model
    (2023) Martin, F.; Chen, R.; Taurines, J.; Belahcen, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Hysteresis model of soft magnetic material enables an accurate estimation of the losses in electrical application. In rotating machine, the flux distribution can magnetized many directions of the iron core. The combination of the rotational and the alternating flux density appears between the slot and the yoke region. Even if the alternating flux density appears in the middle of each tooth, the magnetic properties varies with the magnetized direction with respect to the rolling direction. Whereas the losses strictly increases with the amplitude of an alternating flux density, the hysteresis loss presents a maximum under rotational flux density condition. Although this phenomenon is properly described by the coherent rotation of the domains at the microscopic scale, the macroscopic representation of the material should represent this specific feature. In this paper, a general vectorization technique is applied to the Jiles-Atherton model of hysteresis. The anisotropic anhysteresis behavior is derived from the analysis of a cubic crystal. This anhysteresis model drives the coherent rotation of the hysteresis model. Even if the model parameters are identified with alternating flux condition, the rotational flux density can be predicted properly.
  • Determination of stress dependent magnetostriction from a macroscopic magneto-mechanical model and experimental magnetization curves
    (2020) M'zali, N.; Martin, F.; Aydin, U.; Belahcen, A.; Benabou, A.; Henneron, T.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    In this paper, we propose a method to identify the magnetostrictive behavior of electrical steel sheet submitted to a mechanical loading. The technique relies on the use of a magneto-mechanical model including the magnetostrictive phenomenon, namely the anhysteretic Jiles-Atherton-Sablik (JAS) model, and experimental macroscopic stress dependent magnetization curves. The method is illustrated with measured magnetization curves of a non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheet under different stresses. Furthermore, the influence of a bi-axial mechanical loading on the magnetostrictive behavior is analyzed with the help of an equivalent stress.
  • Effect of multi-axial stress on iron losses of electrical steel sheets
    (2019-01-01) Aydin, U.; Rasilo, P.; Martin, F.; Belahcen, A.; Daniel, L.; Haavisto, A.; Arkkio, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The effect of multi-axial stress on the iron losses of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet under alternating magnetization is analyzed. Multi-axial magneto-mechanical measurements on a M400-50A grade non-oriented electrical steel sheet are performed by using a custom made single sheet tester device. The measured losses are separated into hysteresis, classical and excess loss components by using statistical loss theory, and the effect of various stress configurations on the hysteresis and the excess loss components is analyzed. By utilizing the statistical loss theory, an equivalent stress model and a magneto-elastic invariant based model are derived. These models can be used to predict the iron loss evolution under multi-axial stress even if only uniaxial stress dependent measurements are available. The accuracy of both models to predict the multi-axial stress dependent iron losses is found to be satisfactory when they are identified only from uniaxial stress dependent measurements. The invariant based model is shown to be slightly more accurate for the studied material.
  • Experimental characterization of the effect of uniaxial stress on magnetization and iron losses of electrical steel sheets cut by punching process
    (2022-05-01) Gürbüz, I.T.; Martin, F.; Aydin, Ugur; Ali, A.B. Asaf; Chamosa, M.; Rasilo, P.; Belahcen, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The effect of uniaxial stress on iron losses of M400-50A grade non-oriented electrical steel sheets cut by punching process is experimentally studied. Samples cut along the rolling and transverse directions and having different number of cutting edges are used for this purpose. Measurements are carried out in the range of 10-100 Hz frequency of sinusoidal excitations at different magnetization levels under varying uniaxial stress by using a single sheet tester. The iron losses are obtained from the measurements and comparative analyses are made for different cases. The study shows that the effect of stress on the iron losses of the punched samples varies depending on the degradation level that the samples have after the cutting process. By considering this varying effect, when the combined effect of stress and punching is analysed, it is observed that the iron losses increased up to 55.2% under compressive stress. It is also observed that the increase in the losses due to the effect of cutting can be recovered by applying tensile stress.
  • Finite Element Analysis of the Magneto-mechanical Coupling Due to Punching Process in Electrical Steel Sheet
    (2021-06) M'zali, N.; Henneron, T.; Benabou, A.; Martin, F.; Belahcen, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    In this article, a finite element (FE) modeling of the punching effect on the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet is carried out. For that, the modified anhysteretic Sablik model is applied together with the plastic strain distribution obtained from a punching process simulation performed using the software ABAQUS. First, a synchronous electrical machine is simulated including the effect of the punching process, and it shows the degradation of the magnetic flux density at the lamination edges and an increase of the iron losses. Then, results obtained from the magneto-mechanical simulation are investigated in terms of the method used to implement the plastic strain distribution in the FE computation. Two examples have been investigated: a square steel sheet and a tooth of an electrical machine.
  • Modeling of multi-axial stress dependent iron losses in electrical steel sheets
    (2020-06-15) Aydin, U.; Rasilo, P.; Martin, F.; Belahcen, A.; Daniel, L.; Arkkio, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Modeling the effect of multi-axial mechanical stress on the iron losses of an M400-50A grade non-oriented electrical steel sheet is studied. By utilizing the statistical loss theory, the total measured iron losses are first segregated to hysteresis, classical eddy current and excess losses. Then, the stress dependency of the excess losses is modeled by correlating them to the hysteresis losses under multi-axial stress. This correlation, coupled with a magneto-elastic invariant based loss model, can be used to predict the iron loss evolution with reasonable accuracy under multi-axial stress when only iron loss data under no applied stress at various excitation frequencies and under only two uniaxial stress levels at quasi-static excitation are available. Consequently, this approach significantly reduces the required measurement data for estimating the iron losses under multi-axial stress.
  • Modeling the Effect of Multiaxial Stress on Magnetic Hysteresis of Electrical Steel Sheets: A Comparison
    (2017) Aydin, U.; Rasilo, P.; Martin, F.; Singh, D.; Daniel, L.; Belahcen, A.; Kouhia, R.; Arkkio, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The abilities of a simplified multiscale and a Helmholtz energy HE models models from the literature to predict the multiaxial stress dependent magnetic hysteresis behavior of electrical steel sheets are analyzed. The identification of the models is performed using only uniaxial magneto-mechanical measurements. Reasonable accuracy between the measurements and the modeled results is obtained. With this paper, the applicability of the HE-based model for predicting the multiaxial magneto-mechanical behavior of electrical steel sheets is verified for the first time. The differences between the studied models and possible modifications to increase the accuracy of them are discussed. Some brief guidelines for the applications are given.
  • A new methodology for incorporating the cutting deterioration of electrical sheets into electromagnetic finite-element simulation
    (2024-03-01) Gürbüz, I. T.; Martin, F.; Rasilo, P.; Billah, M. M.; Belahcen, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    This article proposes a novel methodology for incorporating electrical sheet cutting deterioration in electromagnetic finite-element simulations of energy conversion devices. While the existing methods account for the deterioration in the numerical integration either by increasing the mesh refinement or boosting the Gaussian quadrature order, the proposed method is based on the re-computation of quadrature weights and coordinates for a modeled deterioration, taking its explicit dependency into account. To validate the proposed method, numerical solutions are compared with electromagnetic analytical solutions in a beam geometry. A comprehensive analysis is then performed to evaluate the relative error, considering various model parameters. This analysis leads to a systematic procedure for selecting the optimal element size to achieve desired error levels. The procedure is successfully applied to a transformer geometry, and the computational performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing approaches through a time-stepping analysis. The results show that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the existing approaches, and it eliminates the need to increase the mesh refinement or boost the order of the quadrature. It can be easily adapted for any type of deterioration profile.
  • New susceptibility Loci associated with kidney disease in type 1 diabetes
    (2012) Sandholm, Niina; Salem, Rany M.; McKnight, A.J.; Brennan, Eoin P.; Forsblom, Carol; Isakova, Tamara; McKay, Gareth J.; Williams, Winfred W.; Sadlier, Denise M.; Mäkinen, V.P.; Swan, E.J.; Palmer, Cameron D.; Boright, A.P.; Ahlqvist, Emma; Deshmukh, H.A.; Keller, B.J.; Huang, H.; Ahola, Aila J.; Fagerholm, Emma; Gordin, D.; Harjutsalo, Valma; He, B.; Heikkila, O.; Hietala, Kustaa; Kyto, J.; Lahermo, Päivi; Lehto, Markku; Lithovius, Raija; Österholm, Anne May; Parkkonen, Maija; Pitkäniemi, Janne; Rosengård-Bärlund, Milla; Saraheimo, Markku; Sarti, C.; Soderlund, J.; Soro-Paavonen, A.; Syreeni, Anna; Thorn, L.M.; Tikkanen, H.; Tolonen, Nina; Tryggvason, K.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Waden, J.; Gill, G.V.; Prior, S.; Guiducci, C.; Mirel, D.B.; Taylor, A.; Hosseini, S.M.; Parving, H.H.; Rossing, P.; Tarnow, L.; Ladenvall, C.; Alhenc-Gelas, F.; Lefebvre, P.; Rigalleau, V.; Roussel, R.; Tregouet, D.A.; Maestroni, A.; Maestroni, S.; Falhammar, H.; Gu, T.; Mollsten, A.; Cimponeriu, D.; Ioana, M.; Mota, M.; Mota, E.; Serafinceanu, C.; Stavarachi, M.; Hanson, R.L.; Nelson, R.G.; Kretzler, M.; Colhoun, H.M.; Panduru, N.M.; Gu, H.F.; Brismar, K.; Zerbini, G.; Hadjadj, S.; Marre, M.; Groop, L.; Lajer, M.; Bull, S.B.; Waggott, D.; Paterson, A.D.; Savage, D.A.; Bain, S.C.; Martin, F.; Hirschhorn, J.N.; Godson, C.; Florez, J.C.; Groop, P.H.; Maxwell, A.P.; He, Bin
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Diabetic kidney disease, or diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires dialysis treatment or kidney transplantation. In addition to the decrease in the quality of life, DN accounts for a large proportion of the excess mortality associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whereas the degree of glycemia plays a pivotal role in DN, a subset of individuals with poorly controlled T1D do not develop DN. Furthermore, strong familial aggregation supports genetic susceptibility to DN. However, the genes and the molecular mechanisms behind the disease remain poorly understood, and current therapeutic strategies rarely result in reversal of DN. In the GEnetics of Nephropathy: an International Effort (GENIE) consortium, we have undertaken a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T1D DN comprising ∼2.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed in 6,691 individuals. After additional genotyping of 41 top ranked SNPs representing 24 independent signals in 5,873 individuals, combined meta-analysis revealed association of two SNPs with ESRD: rs7583877 in the AFF3 gene (P = 1.2×10−8) and an intergenic SNP on chromosome 15q26 between the genes RGMA and MCTP2, rs12437854 (P = 2.0×10−9). Functional data suggest that AFF3 influences renal tubule fibrosis via the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) pathway. The strongest association with DN as a primary phenotype was seen for an intronic SNP in the ERBB4 gene (rs7588550, P = 2.1×10−7), a gene with type 2 diabetes DN differential expression and in the same intron as a variant with cis-eQTL expression of ERBB4. All these detected associations represent new signals in the pathogenesis of DN.
  • Rotational Single Sheet Tester for Multiaxial Magneto-Mechanical Effects in Steel Sheets
    (2019-03-01) Aydin, U.; Martin, F.; Rasilo, P.; Belahcen, A.; Haavisto, A.; Singh, D.; Daniel, L.; Arkkio, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    A detailed design of a new rotational single sheet tester device which allows comprehensive multiaxial magneto-mechanical analysis of ferromagnetic sheets is proposed. The challenges that arose during the mechanical and magnetic design phases are addressed. The applicability of the device is tested by performing magneto-mechanical measurements on an M400-50A electrical steel sheet. Results under several multiaxial magneto-mechanical loadings with circular and alternating magnetic flux densities are reported. It is shown that the effect of multiaxial stress on iron losses can be much more significant than that of uniaxial stress.
  • Thermodynamic description for magneto-plastic coupling in electrical steel sheets
    (2024-03-01) Taurines, J.; Martin, F.; Rasilo, P.; Belahcen, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The purpose of the study is to propose a thermodynamic description of the full magneto-mechanical coupling in electrical steel sheets, including both elasticity and plasticity influence. Kinematic and isotropic hardening are considered as state variables and included to a second-order magneto-elastic energy written as a function of cubic invariants. The simulation of magnetic behaviour of plastified samples subjected to several elastic stresses reproduce the general trends of measurements carried out on non-oriented Fe-3%Si sheets.
  • Thermodynamically Consistent Magnetic Hysteresis Model - Application to Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials Including Minor Loops
    (2024-07) Taurines, J.; Martin, F.; Rasilo, P.; Belahcen, A.
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    A novel thermodynamically consistent macroscopic magnetic hysteresis model is presented. Magnetization is calculated from the reversible part of the magnetic field, while the evolution law of the irreversible part involves physically meaningful material constants: the coercive field and the initial susceptibilities of the hysteretic and anhysteretic curves. It is possible to invert the model through an iterative procedure, allowing either the magnetic field or the flux density as an input to the model. The model is tested on both soft and hard magnetic materials for major and minor loops.