Browsing by Author "Lehtonen, Jaakko"
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Helsinki University of Technology | Master's thesis(2009) Lehtonen, Jaakko - Diskreetti momenttiongelma stokastisen lohkomallin estimoinnissa
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis(2018-09-18) Lehtonen, Jaakko - Erään nylonia raaka-aineena käyttävän cotton neulomon normaalilaatutason määrääminen ja ehdotus laaduntarkkailujärjestelmäksi
Helsinki University of Technology | Master's thesis(1957) Lehtonen, Jaakko - Harsprångetin voimalaitoksen stabilisuuskysymyksen tutkiminen
Helsinki University of Technology | Master's thesis(1955) Lehtonen, Jaakko - Suomen kansantaloutta vahvistavat rakenteelliset uudistukset
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis(2021-12-13) Lehtonen, Jaakko - Value creation and capture within rare earth permanent magnet value chain: a Western perspective
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis(2024-06-19) Lehtonen, JaakkoRare earth permanent magnets play a vital role in electric vehicles and wind turbines, which are two crucial products combatting climate change. Increasing demand for these magnets create a need to produce them more and, ultimately, mine rare earths more. Therefore, the supply of these magnets and the whole value chain has become geopolitically strategic, which poses problems for the industry as a whole. This study aims to provide an overview of the mine-to-magnet value chain and determine the problems Western companies face, as well as try to give solutions to those problems. Furthermore, specific recommendations are given to a Western upstream company on how to approach vertical integration and business model of a potential mine. The basis of the study is established with a systematic literature review and industry analysis. Then the following research approach is two-fold: quantitative and qualitative. Firstly, the value add of different parts of value chain is analysed. Secondly, 17 industry experts are interviewed with a semi-structured approach to figure out what the main problems are, and how they can be solved. The findings of this study suggest that although there have been recent advancements in the industry in the West, companies and public sector still face multiple problems with starting new projects and risks to long-term competitiveness against the Chinese. While difficult to accomplish, the study suggest that the best way forward is to have a fully integrated Western mine-to-magnet value chain in order to benefit from the supply security it provides. To hedge against Chinese price manipulation, companies should share risks in the value chain through pre-determined pricing enforced by integrated offtake agreements or cross-ownership across the value chain. Western governments should focus on incentivizing local production only as a retaliation with clear and effective regulation and investment-support, while minimizing the disturbances to global trade.