Browsing by Author "Latva-aho, Matti"
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Item Analysis of Spectrum Valuation Approaches: The Viewpoint of Local 5G Networks in Shared Spectrum Bands(2018) Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjölä, Seppo; Seppänen, Veikko; Ahokangas, Petri; Hämmäinen, Heikki; Latva-aho, Matti; Department of Communications and Networking; Network Economics; University of Oulu; NokiaRadio spectrum is a scarce natural resource, whose efficient management calls for a thorough understanding of its value. Quite a big number of approaches have emerged for spectrum valuation based on different elements, some with such potentially high uncertainty as future profits, total cost of ownership and societal benefits. Spectrum valuation will be important for the upcoming spectrum decisions by the regulators to deploy 5G networks but will face a new situation, where the use of higher carrier frequencies inherently limits network operations to local areas. This paper analyses the existing spectrum valuation approaches and identifies the key elements to consider, when defining and assessing the value of spectrum especially in the context of future local 5G networks. An important aspect is that the growing pressure to open the mobile market for location specific 5G networks has resulted in new sharing-based models for spectrum access, to allow the emergence of entrant local 5G operators to serve different verticals. We will therefore characterize the identified spectrum valuation elements in the new context of new local 5G networks operating in shared spectrum bands. Our approach considers spectrum valuation for 5G from the perspectives of the different stakeholder roles including regulators, mobile network operators (MNOs) and entrant local 5G operators.Item Analysis of Spectrum Valuation Elements for Local 5G Networks: Case Study of 3.5-GHz Band(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2019-09) Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjola, Seppo; Seppanen, Veikko; Ahokangas, Petri; Hammainen, Heikki; Latva-aho, Matti; Department of Communications and Networking; Network Economics; University of Oulu; NokiaRadio spectrum is a scarce natural resource, whose efficient management calls for a thorough understanding of its value. A number of spectrum valuation approaches has emerged considering different elements, some with potentially high uncertainty as future profits, total cost of ownership and societal benefits. Spectrum valuation is important in regulators' 5G spectrum decisions and will face a new situation, where location specific services and higher carrier frequencies give rise to local network operator models. This paper analyzes the existing spectrum management and spectrum valuation approaches and identifies key elements to consider, when defining and assessing the value of spectrum especially in the context of future local 5G networks. The growing pressure to open the mobile market for location and vertical specific 5G networks promotes new sharing-based spectrum access models, to allow the emergence of local 5G operators. We characterize the identified spectrum valuation elements in the context of these new local 5G networks from the perspectives of the different stakeholder roles including regulators, mobile network operators (MNOs) and entrant local 5G operators. We further present a spectrum valuation case study of the recent 5G spectrum decisions in the 3.5-GHz band in different countries.Item Business Models for Local 5G Micro Operators(2018) Ahokangas, Petri; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Yrjöla, Seppo; Seppänen, Veikko; Hammainen, Heikki; Jurva, Risto; Latva-aho, Matti; Department of Communications and Networking; Network Economics; University of Oulu; Nokia5G will change the mobile communication business ecosystem by introducing location specific high-quality wireless networks that can by operated by different stakeholders. This development will change the traditional business models and ecosystem roles, as well as open the market for new local mobile network operators. These operators, such as recently introduced micro operators, can target specific customers in different vertical sectors with closed 5G networks, serve mobile network operator’s (MNO) customers in high-demand areas on behalf of the MNO as a neutral host with open 5G networks, or mix different types of customers and offerings through various hybrid business models. This paper discusses business model options for local 5G micro operators, addressing also the different network deployment options. Three generic 5G business models and respective value ecosystems are presented: Vertical business model and ecosystem, Horizontal business model and ecosystem, and Oblique business model and ecosystem. Finally, the scalability, adaptability and sustainability of the business models and ecosystems are examined.Item Effective Energy Efficiency of Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communication(IEEE, 2021-07-15) Shehab, Mohammad; Alves, Hirley; Jorswieck, Eduard A.; Dosti, Endrit; Latva-aho, Matti; Dept Signal Process and Acoust; Sergiy Vorobyov Group; University of Oulu; Technical University of BraunschweigEffective capacity (EC) defines the maximum communication rate subject to a specific delay constraint, while effective energy efficiency (EEE) indicates the ratio between EC and power consumption. We analyze the EEE of ultrareliable networks operating in the finite-blocklength regime. We obtain a closed-form approximation for the EEE in quasistatic Nakagami- m (and Rayleigh as subcase) fading channels as a function of power, error probability, and latency. Furthermore, we characterize the quality-of-service constrained EEE maximization problem for different power consumption models, which shows a significant difference between finite and infinite-blocklength coding with respect to EEE and optimal power allocation strategy. As asserted in the literature, achieving ultrareliability using one transmission consumes a huge amount of power, which is not applicable for energy limited Internet-of-Things devices. In this context, accounting for empty buffer probability in machine-type communication (MTC) and extending the maximum delay tolerance jointly enhances the EEE and allows for adaptive retransmission of faulty packets. Our analysis reveals that obtaining the optimum error probability for each transmission by minimizing the nonempty buffer probability approaches EEE optimality, while being analytically tractable via Dinkelbach's algorithm. Furthermore, the results illustrate the power saving and the significant EEE gain attained by applying adaptive retransmission protocols, while sacrificing a limited increase in latency.