Browsing by Author "Laitinen, Markus"

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  • Effects of the Electricity Market, ETS, and Energy Policy on the Synthetic Fuel Market
    (2022-05-16) Keski-Nisula, Elias
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Evaluation of commercial computational fluid dynamics codes in aerodynamic analysis of transonic flows over wings and airfoils
    (2020-12-14) Laitinen, Markus
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an ever-growing field of study as computational resources become higher and ever so accessible for average users. Due to the increasing costs in energy consumption, traditional methods, such as wind tunnel testing, become less attractive in aerodynamic analysis. Over the past few decades, many commercially available CFD codes have been evolved. The two most commonly utilized commercial software, providing such codes, are Simcenter STAR-CCM+ by Siemens Industry Software Inc. and Ansys Fluent by Ansys Inc. This thesis evaluates the applicability of STAR-CCM+ and Ansys Fluent in transonic aerodynamic analysis based on two different criteria: accuracy and efficiency. The accuracy is measured using four different aerodynamic coefficients: lift, drag, pressure and skin friction coefficients. The results are compared to those obtained by wind tunnel testing and previously verified and alidated CFD code FINFLO. The efficiency is evaluated measuring CPU time and the amount of memory in use both in single- and multi-core calculations. The results indicate that both STAR-CCM+ and Ansys Fluent are capable of producing accurate results with decent efficiency. In addition, the possibility to run overset mesh simulations was examined. The solvers were concluded to perform well also in this aspect, which indicates that the solvers are capable of calculating more complex geometries in further studies and testing.
  • An experimental setup for methanol production for renewable energy storage
    (2020-08-17) Laitinen, Markus
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    The challenges posed by climate change require a broad spectrum of new solutions in meeting the international goals for carbon neutrality. Power-to-X technologies (P2X) will play a major role in reaching these goals. P2X means the process of converting electrical energy into chemical energy of some compound, where the energy can be later discharged when needed. Methanol production from carbon dioxide and hydrogen via methanol synthesis allows the storage of renewable electricity to methanol, that can be later used as a fuel for example. This process can be designed to be completely carbon neutral, if the hydrogen needed for the process is produced via water electrolysis, and if the carbon dioxide needed for the process is captured from industrial flue gases or directly from air. This master’s thesis focuses on methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Planning and construction of an experimental methanol reactor setup for CO2-based methanol synthesis is included in this thesis. The structure of the experimental setup with the equipment involved is presented in this master’s thesis. In this thesis we explore the working principles of CO2-based methanol synthesis. A simple model to estimate the equilibrium conversion of CO2 to methanol is developed in this thesis. A literature review is conducted concerning other experimental studies about methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 with similar experimental setups as the one constructed in this master’s thesis. The highest single-pass conversion of CO2 to methanol achieved among the studies in the literature review was below 18% in typical reaction conditions (250 C, 50 bar) when the feed gas composition was stoichiometric. According to the equilibrium model developed in this thesis, the equilibrium conversion from CO2 to methanol is around 20 % at these conditions. By including re-circulation of unreacted gases back to the reactor, the overall conversion could be increased. Nevertheless, CO2-based methanol production has clear benefits over traditional syngas-based methanol synthesis, the most notable ones being the lower by-product formation and the possibility to make the process completely carbon neutral.
  • Lämpövarastointi energiatekniikassa
    (2017-04-26) Laitinen, Markus
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Metanolipohjaisten liikennepolttoaineiden potentiaali hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämisessä
    (2021-04-29) Isotalo, Heikki
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Power-to-Methanol-prosessin tulevaisuuden näkymät Suomessa
    (2021-05-02) Lassila, Lotta
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Siipiprofiilien suorituskyky, siihen vaikuttavat tekijät ja valinta
    (2018-04-22) Laitinen, Markus
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis