Browsing by Author "Laatikainen, Tiina"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 19 of 19
  • Adults’ leisure-time physical activity and the neighborhood built environment: a contextual perspective
    (2020-09-11) Kajosaari, Anna; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Background: Context-free outcome measures, such as overall leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), are habitually applied to study the neighborhood built environment correlates of physical activity. This cross sectional study identifies and empirically tests potential methodological limitations related to the use of context-free measures and discusses how these may help in the interpretation of inconsistent associations between participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA and objectively measured neighborhood-level built environment attributes. Methods: We employ a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS), an advanced participatory mapping method, to study the spatial distribution of moderate-to-vigorous LTPA among adult urban Finnish residents (n 1322). Secondary sources of GIS land-use and sport facility data were used to disaggregate respondent-mapped LTPA by the behavioral context, such as indoor and outdoor sport facilities, green spaces, and other public open spaces. Associations between the use of the identified LTPA settings and a range of objectively measured neighborhood built environment attributes were studied with multilevel logistic regression models. Results: Disaggregated by behavioral context, we observed varied and partly opposite built environment correlates for LTPA. The use of indoor and outdoor sport facilities showed no significant associations with their neighborhood availability, but were significantly associated with personal-level attributes. By contrast, participation in LTPA in green and built public open space shared significant associations with access to and availability of neighborhood green space that persisted after controlling for personal-level covariates. Moreover, neighborhood distances up to 1600 m poorly captured participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, as, on average, 40% of visits were located further from home. However, we found the immediate home environment to be an important LTPA setting for the least active participants. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that LTPA can be a highly heterogeneous measure regarding both the spatial distribution and the environmental correlates of behavioral contexts. The results show that context-free LTPA outcome measures yield inconsistent associations with built environment exposure variables, challenging the applicability of such measures in designing neighborhood-level built environment interventions.
  • Association of travel time with mental health service use in primary health care according to contact type — a register-based study in Kainuu, Finland
    (2022-12) Lankila, Tiina; Laatikainen, Tiina; Wikström, Katja; Linna, Miika; Antikainen, Harri
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Background: The study aim was to analyse how mental health services are used in different parts of the Kainuu region in Finland and whether travel time to primary health care services is associated with the use of different contact types (in-person visits, remote contacts, home visits). Methods: The study population included adults who had used mental health services under primary health care (N = 7643) between 2015 and 2019. The travel times to the nearest health centre in a municipality were estimated as the population-weighted average drive time in postal code areas. The Kruskal–Wallis test and pairwise comparisons with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to assess the differences in mental health service use between health centre areas. A negative binomial regression was performed for the travel time categories using different contact types of mental health service use as outcomes. Models were adjusted for gender, age, number of mental health diseases and the nearest health centre in the municipality. Results: Distance was negatively associated with mental health service use in health centre in-person visits and in home visits. In the adjusted models, there were 36% fewer in-person visits and 83% fewer home visits in distances further than 30 min, and 67% fewer home visits in a travel time distance of 15–30 min compared with 15 min travel time distance from a health centre. In the adjusted model, in remote contacts, the incidence rate ratios increased with distance, but the association was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The present study revealed significant differences in mental health service use in relation to travel time and contact type, indicating possible problems in providing services to distant areas. Long travel times can pose a barrier, especially for home care and in-person visits. Remote contacts may partly compensate for the barrier effects of long travel times in mental health services. Especially with conditions that call for the continuation and regularity of care, enabling factors, such as travel time, may be important.
  • Children as urbanites : mapping the affordances and behavior settings of urban environments for Finnish and Japanese children
    (2018) Kyttä, Marketta; Oliver, Melody; Ikeda, Erika; Ahmadi, Ehsan; Omiya, Ichiro; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Increasingly, children are residing in urban environments, yet little is known about the urban affordances for children. A place-based approach was employed to map the urban experiences of over 1300 children residing in Helsinki (Finland) and in Tokyo (Japan) in terms of meaningful places (affordances), travel mode and accompaniment to these places. Shared affordances were considered behavior settings, and audited on-site by trained experts for their main function, land use, openness, and communality. Significant differences were found between countries for all affordance categories. Although differences in behavior settings were observed between countries, a number of patterns emerged: outdoor settings and those with shared communality were the most prevalent behavior settings, traffic settings were predominantly evaluated negatively and commercial and indoor settings most positively. Findings suggest that although the context is important, independent mobility and the possibility to actualize environmental affordances seem to be fundamental in both contexts as the key criteria for environmental child-friendliness.
  • Data-driven long-term glycaemic control trajectories and their associated health and economic outcomes in Finnish patients with incident type 2 diabetes
    (2022-06) Lavikainen, Piia; Aarnio, Emma; Linna, Miika; Jalkanen, Kari; Tirkkonen, Hilkka; Rautiainen, Päivi; Laatikainen, Tiina; Martikainen, Janne
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Background - Treatments should be customized to patients to improve patients’ health outcomes and maximize the treatment benefits. We aimed to identify meaningful data-driven trajectories of incident type 2 diabetes patients with similarities in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) patterns since diagnosis and to examine their clinical and economic relevance. Materials and methods - A cohort of 1540 patients diagnosed in 2011–2012 was retrieved from electronic health records covering primary and specialized healthcare in the North Karelia region, Finland. EHRs data were compiled with medication purchase data. Average HbA1c levels, use of medications, and incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications and deaths were measured annually for seven years since T2D diagnosis. Trajectories were identified applying latent class growth models. Differences in 4-year cumulative healthcare costs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with non-parametric bootstrapping. Results - Four distinct trajectories of HbA1c development during 7 years after T2D diagnosis were extracted: patients with “Stable, adequate” (66.1%), “Slowly deteriorating” (24.3%), and “Rapidly deteriorating” glycaemic control (6.2%) as well as “Late diagnosed” patients (3.4%). During the same period, 2.2 (95% CI 1.9–2.6) deaths per 100 person-years occurred in the “Stable, adequate” trajectory increasing to 3.2 (2.4–4.0) in the “Slowly deteriorating”, 4.7 (3.1–6.9) in the “Rapidly deteriorating” and 5.2 (2.9–8.7) in the “Late diagnosed” trajectory. Similarly, 3.5 (95% CI 3.0–4.0) micro- and macrovascular complications per 100 person-years occurred in the “Stable, adequate” trajectory increasing to 5.1 (4.1–6.2) in the “Slowly deteriorating”, 5.5 (3.6–8.1) in the “Rapidly deteriorating” and 7.3 (4.3–11.8) in the “Late diagnosed” trajectory. Patients in the “Stable, adequate” trajectory had lower accumulated 4-year medication costs than other patients. Conclusions - Data-driven patient trajectories have clinical and economic relevance and could be utilized as a step towards personalized medicine instead of the common “one-fits-for-all” treatment practices.
  • Does free public transit increase physical activity and independent mobility in children? Study protocol for comparing children’s activity between two Finnish towns with and without free public transit
    (2020-03-17) Pesola, Arto J.; Hakala, Pirjo; Berg, Päivi; Ramezani, Samira; Villanueva, Karen; Tuuva-Hongisto, Sari; Ronkainen, Jussi; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Background: Children’s habitual physical activity, including active travel and catching public transit (walking and cycling to and from destinations), and independent mobility (mobility without an adult) have decreased. Public transit trips are physically active and can provide access to hobbies independent of parents, but there is no device- measured data about children’s total physical activity time following the introduction of free public transit. Our aim is to compare physical activity and independent mobility between children living in two Finnish towns, one with a recently introduced free public transit system, and the other without free public transit. Methods: The city of Mikkeli has provided free public transit for all comprehensive school children since 2017. Various districts from Mikkeli, and the reference town of Kouvola (towns from South-Eastern Finland with a comparative population size and geographical structure), are selected based on their accessibility and the availability of public transit services. Samples of 10–12-year-old children will be recruited through primary schools. We will compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time, sitting time (a thigh-worn Fibion® device) and independent mobility (a participatory mapping method, PPGIS) of children: 1) who live in towns with and without free public transit, 2) who live and go to school in districts with high vs. low perceived and objective access to free public transit, and 3) who report using vs. not using free public transit. In addition, ethnography will be used to get insights on the social and cultural effects of the free public transit on children’s and parent’s everyday life. Discussion: There is a need for scalable solutions that can increase children’s physical activity independent of their socioeconomic background or place of residence. This project will give information on how a political action to provide free public transit for children is associated with their total physical activity time and independent mobility patterns, therefore providing highly relevant information for political decision-making and for promoting independent physical activity in children.
  • Factors Associated with 5-Year Costs of Care among a Cohort of Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: A Bayesian Network Model
    (2020-04) Rautiainen, Elina; Ryynanen, Olli-Pekka; Laatikainen, Tiina; Kekolahti, Pekka
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Objectives: To examine the direct effects of risk factors associated with the 5-year costs of care in persons with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to examine whether remission decreases the costs of care. Methods: Based on Electronic Health Record data collected in the North Karelia region in Finland from 2012 to 2016, we built a non-causal augmented naïve Bayesian (ANB) network model to examine the directional relationship between 16 risk factors and the costs of care for a random cohort of 363 AUD patients. Jouffe’s proprietary likelihood matching algorithm and van der Weele’s disjunctive confounder criteria (DCC) were used to calculate the direct effects of the variables, and sensitivity analysis with tornado diagrams and analysis maximizing/minimizing the total cost of care were conducted. Results: The highest direct effect on the total cost of care was observed for a number of chronic conditions, indicating on average more than a €26,000 increase in the 5-year mean cost for individuals with multiple ICD-10 diagnoses compared to individuals with less than two chronic conditions. Remission had a decreasing effect on the total cost accumulation during the 5-year follow-up period; the percentage of the lowest cost quartile (42.9% vs. 23.9%) increased among remitters, and that of the highest cost quartile (10.71% vs. 26.27%) decreased compared with current drinkers. Conclusions: The ANB model with application of DCC identified that remission has a favorable causal effect on the total cost accumulation. A high number of chronic conditions was the main contributor to excess cost of care, indicating that comorbidity is an essential mediator of cost accumulation in AUD patients.
  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incident cases of chronic diseases in Finland
    (2022-11-29) Wikstrom, Katja; Linna, Miika; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused changes in the availability and use of health services, and disruptions have been reported in chronic disease management. We aimed to study the impact of the pandemic on the incidence of chronic diseases in Finland using register-based data. Incident cases of chronic diseases decreased, except for cases of anxiety disorders. The annual reductions ranged from 5% in cases of cancers to over 16% in cases of type 2 diabetes. These findings may be due to diagnostic delays and highlight the importance of ensuring access to health care and the continuity of care in all circumstances.
  • The last free-range children?Children's independent mobility in Finland in the 1990s and 2010s
    (2015) Kyttä, Marketta; Hirvonen, Jukka; Rudner, Julie; Pirjola, Iris; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The study reports the degree of children’s independent mobility (CIM) in Finland for over two decades, from the beginning of the 1990s up to 2011. The first part of the research examined the differences of CIM in five different settlements in 2011: inner city, suburban, large town, small town, and rural village. A cross-sectional survey was used on a total of 821 7- to 15-year-old children in various settlements in different parts of Finland. Independent mobility was operationalized both as mobility licenses, meaning parental permits to perform certain activities independently, and as actual mobility, the proportion of active and independent school travel and independent weekend activities. In the second part of the study, we used the same measures to compare the independent mobility of Finnish children in the 1990s and 2010s. The second sample consisted of a total of 306 8- to 10-year-old children and their parents who participated in the CIM study in 1993–94 or in 2011. The major finding of the study was that in Finland children’s independent mobility had decreased significantly during a span of 20 years, even more noticeably in the small town and rural village settings than in the inner city settlements. Finnish children, nevertheless, still enjoy a very high degree of independent mobility when compared with the children from the 16 countries involved in the large international comparative study for which the current research was conducted. In the discussion, we give some possible factors that can provide some understanding of and explanation to these trends.
  • Multimorbidity transitions and the associated healthcare cost among the Finnish adult population during a two-year follow-up
    (2023-09-12) Wikström, Katja; Linna, Miika; Reissell, Eeva; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Background: Ageing of the population increases the prevalence and coexistence of many chronic diseases; a condition called multimorbidity. In Finland, information on the significance of multimorbidity and its relation to the sustainability of healthcare is scarce. Aim: To assess the prevalence of multimorbidity, the transitions between patient groups with and without multiple diseases and the associated healthcare cost in Finland in 2017–2019. Methods: A register-based cohort study covering all adults (n = 3,326,467) who used Finnish primary or specialised healthcare services in 2017. At baseline, patients were classified as ‘non-multimorbid’, ‘multimorbid’ or ‘multimorbid at risk’ based on the recordings of a diagnosis of interest. The costs were calculated using the care-related patient grouping and national standard rates. Transition plots were drawn to observe the transition of patients and costs between groups during the two-year follow-up. Results: At baseline, 62% of patients were non-multimorbid, 23% multimorbid and 15% multimorbid at risk. In two years, the proportion of multimorbid patients increased, especially those at risk. Within the multimorbid at-risk group, total healthcare costs were greatest (€5,027 million), accounting for 62% of the total healthcare cost of the overall patient cohort in 2019. Musculoskeletal diseases, cardiometabolic diseases and tumours were the most common and expensive chronic diseases contributing to the onset of multimorbidity. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is causing a heavy burden on Finnish healthcare. The estimates of its effect on healthcare usage and costs should be used to guide healthcare planning.
  • Onnen paikat kaupungissa - Miten ikääntyvien kaupunkilaisten onnen paikat vaikuttavat kotona ikääntymiseen?
    (2018-11-26) Lehto, Veera
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Operationalisation of travel experience in an integrated planning process: City of Lahti case
    (2018-09-24) Duman, Oya
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    There is an increasing interest in the concept of travel experience due to its critical role in promoting sustainable transport modes. However, the complex nature of people’s travel leads to a multidimensional and sophisticated concept of travel experience. Therefore, travel experience becomes a concept that requires an integrated land use and transport planning approach that can communicatively merge different types of knowledges involved in transport planning. However, there is a gap in planning literature in understanding how travel experience can be effectively used in an integrated planning process, which is also affected by the socio-material context of planning organisations. The aim of this study is to explicate the lessons learnt about challenges of implementing travel experience into an integrated planning process in a mid-sized Nordic city, i.e., Lahti in Finland. The study aims at unravelling the values and conceptions of planners while they are muddling through complexities and interdependencies of human-centric planning issues within organisational dynamics. This study takes a change-oriented, design science approach to the research methodology. Overall, the study shows that practitioners recognise the value of travel experience as a potentially useful planning concept. Findings suggest that practitioners’ values concerning the implementation possibilities of travel experience are at a transition from an instrumental rationality model to communicative rationality model, framed by the interdependencies between usefulness and usability of experiences with travel. Findings also show that technologies used in the planning processes mediate as well as shape the conceptions of planners for operationalising experiential input. Findings also show that practitioners do not always recognise the need for reflection, leading to disruptions in the generation of new units of knowledge. Finally, the dynamic and non-linear model of organisational learning is challenging to capture with the current research methods. Further studies on producing research methods accounting for the sociological side of the planning practice are necessitated.
  • Osallistavat paikkatietomenetelmät vuorovaikutteisen suunnittelun tukena Helsingin kaupungilla
    (2019-12-16) Nyberg, Elina
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Vuorovaikutteinen suunnittelun muotoutuminen lakisääteiseksi osaksi suunnitteluprosesseja Suomessa lähti käyntiin vuonna 2000 voimaan tulleesta maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaista, jossa velvoitettiin osallisten kuuleminen suunnitteluprosessin aikana (MRL132/1999.) Tämän jälkeen vuorovaikutteinen suunnittelu on alkanut kehittyä osaksi suunnittelukulttuuria (Eräranta ym., 2015), ja erilaisia internetpohjaisia menetelmiä on kehitetty sen tukemiseksi (Afzalan & Muller, 2018; Falco & Kleinhans, 2018; Kahila-Tani ym., 2016). Helsingin kaupungilla on hyödynnetty osallistavia paikkatietomenetelmiä, mutta niiden käyttöä ei ole arvioitu systemaattisesti. Diplomityöni tavoite on tarkastella PPGIS-menetelmän käyttöä Helsingin kaupunkiympäristön toimialalla ja tutkia menetelmän hyödyntämistä vuorovaikutteisissa suunnitteluprosesseissa. Tutkin sekä kyselyiden toteutusta käytännössä, että yhdistän PPGIS-kyselyt vuorovaikutteisen suunnittelun tavoitteisiin arviointikriteeristön avulla. Vuorovaikutteisessa suunnittelussa korostuvat erityisesti vuoropuhelu suunnittelijoiden ja osallisten välillä sekä osallisten rooli tiedon tuottajina. Suunnittelijat toivovat saavansa kyselyistä paikkaan sidottua tietoa, jota voi hyödyntää suunnittelussa. He myös hyödyntävät menetelmiä mm. tavoittaakseen laajemman osallisjoukon kuin perinteisissä menetelmissä, luottamuksen lisäämiseksi ja konfliktien vähentämiseksi. Menetelmässä tuotettua tietoa hyödynnetään myös suunnitelmien laadinnassa. Osallisten osallistumisen tavoitteena on usein vaikuttaa suunnitelmien sisältöön (Tulloch, 2008), kun taas suunnittelijoiden motivaatiot ja tavoitteet voivat olla moninaisemmat. Usein haasteena osallistumisessa on pitkä aikajänne, minkä vuoksi osallisten on vaikea käsittää, mihin heidän näkemyksensä ovat vaikuttaneet. Koska osallistumisen tavoitteissa voi olla eroa suunnittelijoiden ja osallisten välillä, on erityisen tärkeää kommunikoida suunnittelun tuloksiin vaikuttavista asioita, lisätä vuoropuhelua eri osallisryhmien välillä ja tehdä osallisille näkyväksi, mitkä asiat vaikuttavat suunnitelmiin. Samalla tulee tehdä näkyväksi, miten osallisten tietämys on vaikuttanut, näkynyt tai miten sitä on arvioitu suunnitteluprosessissa. Muut kriteerit aikaisesta osallistumisesta luottamuksen rakentamiseen täydentävät vaikuttavuuden toteutumista.
  • Patient-specific and healthcare real-world costs of atrial fibrillation in individuals treated with direct oral anticoagulant agents or warfarin
    (2021-12-03) Pyykonen, Mikko; Linna, Miika; Tykkylainen, Markku; Delmelle, Eric; Laatikainen, Tiina
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Background: Anticoagulant therapies are used to prevent atrial fibrillation-related strokes, with warfarin and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) the most common. In this study, we incorporate direct health care costs, drug costs, travel costs, and lost working and leisure time costs to estimate the total costs of the two therapies. Methods: This retrospective study used individual-level patient data from 4000 atrial fibrillation (AF) patients from North Karelia, Finland. Real-world data on healthcare use was obtained from the regional patient information system and data on reimbursed travel costs from the database of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The costs of the therapies were estimated between June 2017 and May 2018. Using a Geographical Information System (GIS), we estimated travel time and costs for each journey related to anticoagulant therapies. We ultimately applied therapy and travel costs to a cost model to reflect real-world expenditures. Results: The costs of anticoagulant therapies were calculated from the standpoint of patient and the healthcare service when considering all costs from AF-related healthcare visits, including major complications arising from atrial fibrillation. On average, the annual cost per patient for healthcare in the form of public expenditure was higher when using DOAC therapy than warfarin therapy (average cost = € 927 vs. € 805). Additionally, the average annual cost for patients was also higher with DOAC therapy (average cost = € 406.5 vs. € 296.7). In warfarin therapy, patients had considerable more travel and time costs due the different implementation practices of therapies. Conclusion: The results indicated that DOAC therapy had higher costs over warfarin from the perspectives of the patient and healthcare service in the study area on average. Currently, the cost of the DOAC drug is the largest determinator of total therapy costs from both perspectives. Despite slightly higher costs, the patients on DOAC therapy experienced less AF-related complications during the study period.
  • A place-based model of local activity spaces: individual place exposure and characteristics
    (2018-07) Hasanzadeh, Kamyar; Laatikainen, Tiina; Kyttä, Marketta
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Researchers for long have hypothesized relationships between mobility, urban context, and health. Despite the ample amount of discussions, the empirical findings corroborating such associations remain to be marginal in the literature. It is growingly believed that the weakness of the observed associations can be largely explained by the common misspecification of the geographical context. Researchers coming from different fields have developed a wide range of methods for estimating the extents of these geographical contexts. In this article, we argue that no single approach yet has sufficiently been capable of capturing the complexity of human mobility patterns. Subsequently, we discuss that reaching a better understanding of individual activity spaces can be possible through a spatially sensitive estimation of place exposure. Following this discussion, we take an integrative person and place-based approach to create an individualized residential exposure model (IREM) to estimate the local activity spaces (LAS) of the individuals. This model is created using data collected through public participation GIS. Following a brief comparison of IREM with other commonly used LAS models, the article continues by presenting an empirical study of aging citizens in Helsinki area to demonstrate the usability of the proposed framework. In this study, we identify the main dimensions of LASs and seek their associations with socio-demographic characteristics of individuals and their location in the region. The promising results from comparisons and the interesting findings from the empirical part suggest both a methodological and conceptual improvement in capturing the complexity of local activity spaces.
  • Saavutettavuustieto ja sen luotettavuus
    (2016-04-22) Taari, Iina
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Shopping trip mode choice of older adults: an application of activity space and hybrid choice models in understanding the effects of built environment and personal goals
    (2021-04) Ramezani, Samira; Laatikainen, Tiina; Hasanzadeh, Kamyar; Kyttä-Pirjola, Marketta
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    Rapid growth of the older population worldwide, coupled with their overreliance on automobile and its negative consequences for the environment and for their wellbeing, has encouraged research on travel behavior of this age group. This study contributes to the literature by providing an integrated analysis of the effects of sociodemographic, built environmental, psycho-social, trip, and activity space attributes on shopping trip mode choice of older adults in Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Data was collected using an online map-based survey. Two person-based activity space models were developed, in addition to the commonly used 500-m buffer, to measure activity space and built environmental attributes. Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) models were utilized to explore modal choice. Although the use of activity space models did not significantly increase the fit of ICLV models, it provided different information. Walkability index showed a positive significant effect on walking trips in individualized residential exposure model. A positive effect on transit use or biking was found in individual home range and 500-m buffer. The shape and dispersion of activity spaces affected mode choice as well. Green space influenced the goal of being physically active which in turn affected mode choice. Three personal goals of being physically active, having cultural and social affairs, and caring for others influenced mode choice. Results indicate the priority of the use of activity space and hybrid choice models in understanding travel behavior. Findings of this study can guide policies aiming to increase the use of more sustainable modes among this age group.
  • Ulkoilu- ja liikuntapaikat ikääntyvien arjessa - Ulkoilu- ja liikuntapaikkojen palveluverkostoselvitys pääkaupunkiseudulla
    (2016-12-11) Veltheim, Sara
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
  • Viihtyisän ja laadukkaan kaupunkiympäristön ominaisuustekijät – tarkastelussa Helsingin helmet -karttakyselyn tulokset
    (2019-08-19) Lahtinen, Jatta
     Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Kaupungistuminen on yksi globaaleista megatrendeistä, jonka vaikutukset ovat havaittavissa myös Suomessa. Tämän lisäksi suurimpien kaupunkien rakenne on tiivistymässä kaupunkirakenteen hajautumisen sijaan. Kaupunkirakenteen tiivistyessä ympäristön viihtyisyys ja laadukkuus tulevat yhä tärkeämmiksi. On tärkeää, että ihmisten jokapäiväinen elinympäristö lisää ja edistää ihmisten hyvinvointia. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan viihtyisän ja laadukkaan kaupunkiympäristön ominaisuuksia erityisesti ympäristön koetun laadun näkökulmasta. Lisäksi työssä testataan Panu Söderströmin kehittämää monipuolisuus- ja laatukriteeristöä. Diplomityön aineistona on vuonna 2017 julkaistun Helsingin helmet -karttakyselyn tulokset. Kyselyssä helsinkiläiset paikansivat kartalle paikkoja, jotka tarjoavat käyttäjälleen kaupunkimaiselle ympäristölle ominaisia käyttömahdollisuuksia tai palveluita. Paikkoja paikannettiin niiden toiminnallisuuden, viihtyisyyden tai yhdessäoloon kannustavuuden mukaan. Paikannuksia tehtiin erityisesti kantakaupungin alueelle. Tässä työssä tarkastelun kohteiksi on valittu neljä aluetta, jotka saivat vastaajilta runsaasti merkintöjä. Alueet olivat Tennispalatsinaukio, Esplanadin puisto, Karhupuiston ja Torkkelinmäen ympäristö, sekä Vaasankatu ja Helsinginkatu. Työssä käytettyinä tutkimusmenetelminä olivat pehmoGIS-menetelmä, Panu Söderströmin kehittämä monipuolisuus- ja laatukriteeristö sekä paikkatietonalyysit. Tuloksissa havaittiin, että monipuolisuus- ja laatukriteeristö tukee suurimmalta osin Helsingin helmet -karttakyselyyn vastanneiden ihmisten paikannuksia viihtyisästä ja laadukkaasta elinympäristöstä. Runsaasti paikannuksia saaneet tutkimusalueet saivat korkeat pisteet myös kriteeristöstä.