Browsing by Author "Laari, Petri"

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Efficient Routing in Bluetooth Mesh Network with in-Packet Bloom Filters
(2018-10-08) Söderholm, Jaakko
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
The Internet of Things has revolutionized the control of actuators and the collection of data from sensors. Following the continuing increase in the number of connected devices and applications, there is a growing demand for improved wireless capabilities to support them. Wireless mesh techonologies provide great Local Area Networks for connecting these IoT devices to each other and the internet. This thesis looks into message routing in these wireless mesh networks, specifically focusing on Bluetooth mesh, and develops a new source routing protocol to be used in such networks based on Bloom filters. A real life office automation scenario is simulated and this new routing solution is compared to the standardized Bluetooth mesh forwarding scheme. Results of this thesis show that in the conditions of the simulation the Bloom filter routing greatly outperforms the standardized solution in terms of unnecessary relay traffic and even successful transmissions. To give indication of the performance differences measured: in a simulation of almost 900 nodes and 49 relays the flooding implementation made 34 times more unnecessary packet hops than the in-Packet Bloom filter routing described in this thesis. While this routing protocol has severe limitations in dynamically changing mesh network topologies, this efficiency increase could help decrease energy consumption and bandwith congestion of wireless mesh systems.
State-Efficient Forwarding with In-packet Bloom Filters
(2017) Laari, Petri
School of Electrical Engineering | Doctoral dissertation (article-based)
The Internet Protocol (IP) has been the dominant packet forwarding mechanism in the Internet during the past decades. Despite of its merits, IP suffers from known shortcomings, such as ever expanding routing tables on network routers, limited support for multicast, and attacks that utilize destination address-based routing. In this dissertation, we introduce a new packet forwarding mechanism that is not based on a global addressing scheme. In this solution, packet forwarding is based on strict source-routing. The calculated path from the sender to the receiver is encoded in a space-efficient Bloom filter, that is inserted in the packet header, and each router on the path can effiently verify the outgoing links where the packet should be delivered to. Bloom filter-based forwarding has some advantages over IP forwarding. First, with Bloom filter forwarding, network routers do not need to maintain any routing table to make the forwarding decision for packets. Instead, the router verifies which of its interfaces have been included in the Bloom filter and forwards the packet out from matching interfaces. Second, the simplicity in Bloom filter verification allows a very efficient packet forwarding decision in a router. Finally, the Bloom filter forwarding offers a native multicast support without additional state in network routers. A disadvantage of Bloom filter is that the verification may provide false positive results. With Bloom filter forwarding this means that sometimes additional packets are delivered over links that do not belong to the original path. We discuss this downside, verify the actual effects of false positives on forwarding decisions, and suggest potential solutions to overcome the problem. Deploying a new forwarding mechanism is challenging because IP has a firm position in the Internet. We discuss about two potential deployment scenarios, where we show that Bloom filter-based forwarding can be deployed also in partial networks, replacing IP-based routing and multicast to enable more efficient networking.