Browsing by Author "Kuosmanen, Natalia"
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Item Labor productivity and reallocation in Finland 2000-2018(2021-12-08) Fornaro, Paolo; Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo; Maczulskij, Terhi; Department of Information and Service Management; Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA)Labor productivity of the Finnish economy has stuck close to the level of year 2007 for over a decade. Positive productivity development still occurs in many establishments and firms in various industries. This report examines the impacts of resource allocation and structural changes on the labor productivity growth in Finland’s manufacturing and service sectors, information and communication technology industry, and the entire business sector during the period 2000-2018. The purpose of this study is to present an empirical comparison of structural change productivity decompositions known in the literature, and based on the results, draw conclusions regarding the productivity impacts of resource allocation and structural changes. We find that different decomposition methods yield to some extent different empirical results. All methods considered suggest that positive productivity growth mainly occurs in the continuing firms. Most decompositions suggest that the impact of structural change has been generally negative. The role of resource allocation between firms is particularly notable during the recession, however, the allocation has improved to some extent during the last years of the study period. Inefficient allocation of resources between industries contributes to the productivity slowdown of Finland’s business sector.Item Modeling Multiple Interacting Nutrient Stocks: Application to the Baltic Sea(2018-10) Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo; Department of Information and Service Management; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Eutrophication of water bodies is a worldwide ecological problem caused by excessive amounts of nutrients. This paper develops an accounting method for modeling multiple interacting stocks of nutrients, which applies the dynamic nutrient balance approach to calculate empirical nutrient budgets. The proposed model of multiple interacting stocks draws an explicit connection between nutrient stocks on land and nutrient stocks in the sea, which in turn links estimated marine nutrient stocks with the empirical data of nutrient concentrations. The model is applied to the Baltic Sea, where stocks of nitrogen and phosphorus are calculated for six basins, drawing distinction between surface, middle and deep water layers of the basins, and taking into account spatial interactions of nutrients within the water layers and between the basins. The model is calibrated using empirical data on nutrient loads and concentrations. Finally, we apply the model to forecast future development of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations under different abatement scenarios.Item Productive performance of organic crop farms in Finland 2010–2017(SPRINGER, 2021-09) Kuosmanen, Natalia; Yli-Heikkilä, Maria; Väre, Minna; Kuosmanen, Timo; Department of Information and Service Management; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Increasing organic production is one of the strategic objectives of the Finnish agricultural policy. Despite the positive developments observed during the last decade, reaching the objectives set by the Finnish government remains challenging. The contributions of this study are twofold. Firstly, this study provides new empirical evidence on productive performance of organic crop farming in Finland and explains observed gap between average output of organic and conventional farms. Specifically, we use the most recent available farm-level data and analyze the performance of organic crop farms over the period 2010–2017. Secondly, to estimate the performance gap between the organic and conventional crop farms, we apply one-stage semi-nonparametric regression. This approach alleviates the endogeneity problem of the commonly used two-stage estimation approaches, providing robust estimates without restrictive functional form assumptions. Our results reveal a significant performance gap between organic and conventional farming. However, the difference between productive performance of organic and conventional crop farms has been decreasing over the years. Moreover, a positive trend is revealed in organic production at the end of the study period.Item Structural change decomposition of productivity without share weights(Elsevier, 2021-12) Kuosmanen, Timo; Kuosmanen, Natalia; Department of Information and Service Management; Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA)Structural change is important driver of productivity. Existing decompositions of structural change rely heavily on the share weights of firms. Ideally, one would need a complete census of all firms to calculate the share weights. However, empirical data are often less than ideal. Another limitation of the structural change decompositions is that existing firms that switch from one industry to another are mixed with startups and bankrupt firms. To address both these limitations, we develop an alternative productivity decomposition of structural change that avoids the use of share weights, which can be useful whenever the share weights are problematic or unavailable. Our decomposition also takes the product switch explicitly into account and applies to both the level and percentage change of productivity. Application to Finnish agriculture illustrates the proposed approach.
