Browsing by Author "Kokkonen, Anne"
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- Implementation of the systemic process innovation BIM in Finnish construction industry - Structural system failure approach
School of Science | Master's thesis(2013) Matala, SaaraBuilding information modelling (BIM) is expected to be the catalyst for the radical qualitative transformation within the construction industry. The expectation is that BIM would decrease costs of collaboration and increase quality of production. In order to meet the expectations, BIM has to be implemented as a systemic process innovation: Instead of implementing BIM as a set of ICT -tools used to draw pictures in three dimensions, BIM has to be regarded as a set of IC-technologies and processes used to produce, transfer and utilize information, and manage complexity and fragmentation of construction project networks in a cost-effective way. The full implementation of BIM has been hindered by practical, technical and political problems in the prevailing work processes, business models and attitudes in the industry. This study analyses the structural system failures which hinder the beneficial and effective BIM implementation. The unit of research is the technological innovation system (TIS) in the Finnish construction industry including all the focal actors and institutions, which affect BIM implementation. The research is conducted as a constructive study applying qualitative methods. The theoretical pal1 of the study consists of literature review and the construction of a theoretical framework. Four theoretical perspectives to the research subject were reviewed and the analytical concepts of three systemic challenges that have to be answered during BIM implementation were created: Coordinated change, systemic shift and knowledge creation. The system failure -literature was reviewed separately and the four system failures were defined: infrastructure failure, institutional failure, interaction failure and capabilities' failure. A theoretical construct covering the systemic challenges and the system failures related to them was created in the end of the theoretical part based on the literature. In the empirical part, the tentative theoretical construct was used as an analytical framework for the empirical analysis. The empirical data consist of 43 semi-structured interviews. Based on the empirical findings, the theoretical framework was refined. According to the results, the system failures in the BIM implementation as a systemic process innovation in the Finnish construction industry are the following: I) Interaction and institutional failure hinder coordinated change required for the BIM implementation. 2) Institutional and capability-related failures hinder the systemic shift of the construction Industry required for the BIM implementation. 3) Interaction, capability-related and institutional failures hinder the knowledge creation necessary for BIM implementation. Theoretically the thesis contributes to the area of study of BIM implementation and to the study of systemic innovations in project-based industries. By introducing and testing a method to apply the system failure framework to the empirical analysis of the specific innovation process, this study contributes also to the system of innovation research tradition. The practical aim is to delineate the system failures in BIM implementation in order to facilitate problem solving. In the concluding part of the study the redefined construct is applied as a holistic framework to understand the interconnections between different systemic challenges and system failures. - Improving alliance projects through facilitation
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa(2016-05-30) Kokkonen, Anne; Lehtinen, Teemu; Lavikka, RitaAlliance and other collaborative project delivery models such as integrated project delivery (IPD) represent a solution to decrease the fragmentation in the construction industry. New technology such as building information modelling (BIM) is also claimed to introduce more integration into the design and construction processes. However, an intensified collaboration is required for successful alliancing and BIM processes. The intensified collaboration does not seem to occur automatically after committing to a contract, but might often require help in the daily project activities. Facilitation is an activity used in other industries to help in accomplishing tasks by concentrating on the social processes of groups performing the activities. Currently, very little is known about the facilitation in the context of construction projects. Facilitation literature suggests that facilitation can support collaborative task performance with three elements: 1) the management of group process, 2) the management of content, and 3) facilitator’s substantive expertise. With a qualitative case study approach, we studied what kind of facilitation occurs in a Finnish alliance project and how current facilitation methods meet the project needs. The results suggest the presence of all the three facilitation elements, but also suggest possibilities for improvement. The results connect facilitation literature to collaborative construction projects. The empirical analysis also offers practical suggestions on how to apply facilitation in construction projects efficiently. - Let’s figure it out together: Inter-organizational collaboration in the daily practices of complex construction projects
School of Science | Doctoral dissertation (article-based)(2018) Kokkonen, AnneIn complex construction projects, an adequate combination of skills and knowledge is often achieved by involving multiple organizations. However, the execution of collaboration between these organizations has not always been efficient, and construction projects have recently explored methods to improve it. One key for to efficiency is to support learning between organizations. Research has approached collaboration using various definitions, which has led to a vague understanding of the phenomenon. This dissertation clarifies collaboration by exploring the practices that are situated in daily project life. The research objective is to examine how collaboration practices in construction projects support collective learning. The investigation begins by systematically reviewing the literature that addresses the practice approach to learning in construction projects. Then, the dissertation presents three empirical studies of two complex construction projects that were investigated qualitatively. The empirical data consists of interviews, observations, and documents that were analyzed concerning reflective learning, managing collaborative space, and participation practices. The findings conclude that: 1) studies have applied the practice approach to learning in five categories, for observing the informal practices in construction projects in particular; 2) individuals adapted to change in collaboration practices through reflective learning, in processes of deconstructing and reconstruction, 3) managers can actively shape collaborative space during the project by creating both physical and social affordances of the space, 4) participation practices in an integrated project supported the active involvement of individuals, which increases their impact on collective learning. The dissertation contributes to construction management research and organization studies. The practical implications of the dissertation indicate that, for collective learning, managers ought to ensure individuals' participation in collaboration practices. Managers should provide possibilities for reflection upon the changing practices. In the case of collaborative spaces, managers should consider both the physical design for the specific collaboration and as the desired social practices of collaboration in the space throughout the project. Overall, the dissertation highlights the individuals' daily collaboration practices as an essential part ofthe successful collaboration between companies in complex projects. - Managing collaborative space in multi-partner projects
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2018) Kokkonen, Anne; Vaagaasar, Anne LiveCollaboration across company borders in multi-partner construction projects has proven to be challenging. An increasing number of projects aim to strengthen such collaboration by collocating project members from different companies in the same physical space. Yet we know little about the management practices required for taking advantage of such a collaborative space. To begin to remedy this shortcoming, we present an in-depth case study of a hospital construction project that applied a collaborative space and focus on the management practices influencing this space. With the help of affordance theory, we identified two types of management practices and show how they transform across project phases. These management practices included designing the physical elements of the collaborative space, and creating shared collaboration practices for the space. We contribute to the construction management literature by taking the first step in conceptualizing the connections between space, management and collaboration practices in the context of multi-partner projects. We suggest managers to consider carefully what kind of collaboration practices the space is expected to enhance and plan the physical and social space to support it. - Organisaatioiden väliset yhteistyömenetelmät rakennusprojekteissa
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis(2013-12-16) Latva-Käyrä, Mikko