Browsing by Author "Kaitosalmi, Jani"

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Laadukasta opetusta verkossa – katsaus verkko-opetuksen laatukriteereihin
(2020-09-18) Kaitosalmi, Jani
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
Uneven burdens? – An overview of the free-riding problem in NATO
(2022) Kaitosalmi, Jani
School of Business | Bachelor's thesis
In NATO, the problem of uneven burden-sharing and free-riding has been a central issue since the end of World War II. In the last decade, with the invasion of Crimea in 2014, former president Trump's dramatic changes in rhetoric regarding NATO, and the attack on Ukraine in 2022, the burden-sharing debate has accelerated drastically. Media and international politics have mainly focused on the percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) applied to military and defense capabilities. However, collective safety does not equal money spent on safety. Burden-sharing in military alliances is a far more complex issue than just the countries' monetary spending on troops, technology, and other resources. This bachelor's thesis provides a comprehensive literature review of the fundamental concepts, context, and measures needed to analyze burden-sharing and free-riding behavior in military alliances. With the Economic Theory of Alliances, the thesis aims to determine what free riding in alliances means and how we should measure it. First, the two well-known economic models – the public goods model, and the joint-product model – are introduced to establish answers on what free-riding in alliances means. Secondly, the different material and non-material measures are discussed to give a comprehensive overview of the different factors affecting free-riding behavior. Contrary to the public discussion and the outrage by President Trump, burden-sharing is a far more complex problem than the percentage of GDP might provide. Free-riding analysis in NATO demands a holistic scholarly approach considering several measures with appropriate nuance. According to the extensive review of recent research, it is clear that measures focusing only on material inputs do not alone provide fair or sufficient answers. Non-material outputs such as willingness to fight, public opinion, out-of-area efforts, and risk-sharing must be considered when determining free-riding behavior in military alliances. How the alliance members use their resources and what kind of outputs their efforts provide will determine the real impact of the revolution on Euro-Atlantic security. As such, analyzing the mixture of input and output measures as the most suitable indicators for determining free-riding behavior remains a topic for further research.
Utilization of robotic process automation (RPA) and intelligent automation in healthcare operational processes — Development of an impact assessment model
(2024-05-21) Kaitosalmi, Jani
Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
The overheated Finnish healthcare system has been pushed to search for innovative solutions to manage rising costs. Automation technologies, such as robotic process automation (RPA) and intelligent automation, have been identified as key components in developing more sustainable health services. While automation solutions have been implemented in several Finnish well-being countries to improve processes, their overall impact has yet to be systematically evaluated. This master's thesis examines the utilization of robotic process automation and intelligent automation in The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa (PIRHA) and Joint Authority of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS). Through an extensive multi-case study including 32 interviews, this thesis presents an impact assessment model that enables the identification and evaluation of the short-term and long-term benefits of automation initiatives. The framework is a unique first attempt to assess automation solutions in the context of Finnish healthcare. Evaluation of digital interventions should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the implemented solution, its context, mechanisms, and outcomes. The research reveals that existing evaluations focus too narrowly on efficiency, overlooking wider benefits. Thus, the research proposes a monitoring process to assist public healthcare organizations in collecting more holistic data and extending assessments to dimensions beyond merely technical aspects. Impact assessment is a constant effort to find answers on how technology creates change, going beyond questions of merely evaluating whether technology functions as intended. It delves into how individuals interact with technology, how it improves processes, and whether it genuinely leads to changes in health outcomes. In essence, this research serves as a starting point to establish comprehensive monitoring mechanisms and consistent evaluation to drive more impactful digitalization in healthcare.