Browsing by Author "Jokinen, Ilari"

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    Assessing the link between industrial emissions and production
    (2023-12-13) Jokinen, Ilari; Mikkola, Jani; Perustieteiden korkeakoulu; Luoma, Jukka
    In the 21st century, anthropogenic climate change, caused by greenhouse gases emitted by modern society and industry, has been widely recognised as one of the most pressing international challenges. As national and international policymakers are establishing demands, goals and pathways towards decarbonisation, it has become increasingly important to understand the sources and trends of greenhouse gas emissions comprehensively, punctually and granularly. While the power sector is the largest source of emissions globally, other industries, e.g. manufacturing or mining and quarrying, also contribute significantly to emissions. However, studies on the level and development of industrial emissions are scarce, especially on sub-annual emission estimates. Industrial production has seen limited use in prior research as a proxy for industrial emissions and for emission allowance demand. However, the validity or methodological details of the measures used in modelling emissions have not been thoroughly examined nor rationalised. This thesis assesses the validity of the Industrial Production Index (IPI) provided by Eurostat as a proxy for European industrial emissions, both on an aggregated level and on the level of individual industries, using linear regression. Most industries with high emissions are captured well by the specified models, with high statistical significance and explanatory power. On an aggregated level, the results indicate that the standard Eurostat methodology of weighting indices of individual industries based on value added produces an unreliable proxy for emissions. As such, total industrial emissions should be modelled with IPI by either modelling individual industries separately or aggregating individual indices based on emissions instead of value added. The results serve environmental and climate research, as well as the energy sector, policymakers, investors and other stakeholders of European industries. The models presented in the study can be directly used to improve the timeliness and granularity of industrial emission estimation. In addition, the findings of the thesis open new research directions for understanding the demand drivers of emission allowances, as well as the decarbonisation progress of individual industrial sectors.
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    Mistä uudet kilpailijat tulevat? Katsaus teknologian muutosten vaikutuksista kilpailijasuhteisiin
    (2020-12-08) Jokinen, Ilari; Luoma, Jukka; Perustieteiden korkeakoulu; Kaipia, Riikka