Aaltodoc Repository :: Browsing by Author "Gil, Mateusz"

Browsing by Author "Gil, Mateusz"

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Accident susceptibility index for a passenger ship – A framework and case study
(Elsevier Applied Science, 2022-02-01) Montewka, Jakub; Manderbacka, Teemu; Ruponen, Pekka; Tompuri, Markus; Gil, Mateusz; Hirdaris, Spyros; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Napa Ltd; Gdynia Maritime University
The continuous monitoring and assessment of operational vulnerability and accident susceptibility of passenger ships is crucial from the perspective of ship and passenger safety. Despite the existing solutions for vulnerability monitoring, stemming mainly from watertight door operations, a comprehensive framework for accident susceptibility assessment and monitoring is missing in the literature. Therefore, this paper offers a straightforward approach, utilizing heuristics rooted in the solid foundations of the first principles related to human performance. The proposed approach allows the evaluation of accident susceptibility of a ship in operation involved in open-sea and coastal navigation. The framework presented is based on observable and relevant factors, known to affect the navigator’s performance, and as a consequence accident probability. The layout of the framework as well as the parameters of the developed model are based on literature survey in maritime and aviation domains, knowledge elicited from maritime experts and extensive simulations with the use of an in-house developed ship-ship encounter simulator. Subsequently, the model is applied to selected case studies, involving two distinctive ship types, namely a large cruise ship and a RoPax vessel. The results obtained for the case study presented in this paper reveal that most of their time the analyzed ships operate with negligible accident susceptibility (87%), while 1% of the cases are labelled as very high accident susceptibility. The remaining share of 12% is distributed among low, moderate and high values of accident susceptibility. The results are in line with earlier studies conducted in the same area but adopting different methods. The proposed solution can be applied as an onboard decision support tool, evaluating the operational accident susceptibility and vulnerability, thus increasing the crew’s situational awareness. Additionally, it can be applied to historical data, allowing ship navigational safety diagnosis and implementation of appropriate countermeasures.
A bibliometric analysis and systematic review of shipboard Decision Support Systems for accident prevention
(Elsevier, 2020-08) Gil, Mateusz; Wróbel, Krzysztof; Montewka, Jakub; Goerlandt, Floris; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University
Maritime transport faces new safety-related challenges resulting from constantly increasing traffic density, along with increasing dimensions of ships. Consequently, the number of new concepts related to Decision Support Systems (DSSs) supporting safe shipborne operations in the presence of reduced ship manning is rapidly growing, both in academia and industry. However, there is a lack of a systematic description of the state-of-the-art in this field. Moreover, there is no comprehensive overview of the level of technology readiness of proposed concepts. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis aiming at (1) increasing the understanding of the structure and contents of the academic field concerned with this topic; (2) determining and mapping scientific networks in this domain; (3) analyzing and visualizing Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of analyzed systems. Bibliometric methods are utilized to depict the domain of onboard DSSs for operations focused on safety ensurance and accident prevention. The scientific literature is reviewed in a systematic way using a comparative analysis of existing tools. The results indicate that there are relatively many developments in selected DSS categories, such as collision avoidance and ship routing. However, even in these categories some issues and gaps still remain, so further improvements are needed. The analysis indicates a relatively low level of technology readiness of tools and concepts presented in academic literature. This signifies a need to move beyond the conceptual stages toward demonstration and validation in realistic, operating environments.
A concept of critical safety area applicable for an obstacle-avoidance process for manned and autonomous ships
(Elsevier Applied Science, 2021-10) Gil, Mateusz; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology
In times of increased automation of maritime transportation, ship collision with a stationary obstacle (allision) remains a significant problem. There are many existing solutions rooted primarily in the concept of ship domain and path-planning algorithms. However, among these, a geometrical approach to the determination of a required maneuvering area considering the dynamic nature of ship operations in close-quarters situations is still missing. Therefore, an improved concept of the CADCA (Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area) is introduced for the case of ship allision. The CADCA is a deterministic zone that geometrically delimits required maneuvering space of a vessel. Its shape changes depending on the operational parameters of a ship, such as the magnitude of rudder angle, initial forward speed, or planned alteration of the course. In contrast to ship domain, the CADCA is determined using the critical distance between two objects called MDTC (Minimum Distance to Collision). Therefore, the CADCA concept can be used to appoint a position of no-return in a close-quarters situation, so as to determine the time and distance of the last-minute maneuver. An improved method of CADCA determination is introduced, along with an investigation of operational factors influencing the ship's critical area in allision scenarios. The simulations have been conducted for large passenger and container ship in encounters with various stationary obstacles differing in size and shape. The results indicate that from the operational point of view, a deflection of the rudder is the most influencing factor on the size of the CADCA, while the impact of ship speed is negligible for the investigated vessels. Besides, various applications of the CADCA are proposed and discussed for both manned and prospective autonomous vessels.
A Cross-Domain Scientometric Analysis of Situational Awareness of Autonomous Vehicles With Focus on the Maritime Domain
(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2022) Boguslawski, Krzysztof; Nasur, Jan; Li, Jie; Gil, Mateusz; Wrobel, Krzysztof; Goerlandt, Floris; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalhousie University
Highly automated vehicles are making their way towards implementation in many modes of transportation, including shipping. From the safety perspective, it is critically important that such vehicles or the operators overseeing them maintain their sense of the environment, also referred to as situational awareness. The present study investigates the worldwide research effort focusing on situational awareness for autonomous transport and explores how the maritime domain could benefit from it. The results indicate that most of the research originates from the automotive sector, but the topic is developing fast in other transportation modes too. Some findings have been shared across the modes of transportation, but only to a limited extent. Although technology development is performed based on the achievements within basic research domains, there has been little feedback from applied sciences. Similarly, collaborative research is not strongly developed.
Determination of the dynamic critical maneuvering area in an encounter between two vessels: Operation with negligible environmental disruption
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020-10-01) Gil, Mateusz; Montewka, Jakub; Krata, Przemysław; Hinz, Tomasz; Hirdaris, Spyros; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University
This paper introduces the concept of Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) for onboard Decision Support Systems (DSS). The indicator proposed is derived via identification of a minimum required maneuvering zone in an encounter between two vessels. The CADCA model accounts for ship maneuvering dynamics and associated hydrodynamic actions emerging from different rudder angles and forward speed effects. The method presented is novel as it considers the variability of a critical area due to dynamic changes in operational parameters for both vessels. Results of the simulations carried out in negligible weather conditions confirm that computed zones may differ significantly in terms of shapes and limits. It is demonstrated that the size of the CADCA depends on the rudder angle, forward speed, as well as the dimensions of the vessels.
Identifying research directions of a remotely-controlled merchant ship by revisiting her system-theoretic safety control structure
(Elsevier, 2020-09) Wróbel, Krzysztof; Gil, Mateusz; Montewka, Jakub; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University
Despite the concept of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) being in the limelight of research and development effort within the shipping industry, there are still some existing research gaps. These pertain not only to technical solutions to be implemented but also to the issue of the impact of new technology on maritime safety. In an attempt to identify these gaps, we perform a literature review of the operational features of remotely-controlled merchant vessels. The framework is based on a safety control structure developed in accordance with the principles of System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). The results indicate that most scholars focus on the high-end components of the system, while some organizational and human-oriented issues remain under-explored. These results can be found relevant by scholars and industry partners active in the domain of autonomous shipping.
Implications of autonomous shipping for maritime education and training : the cadet's perspective
(PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2022-06) Boguslawski, Krzysztof; Gil, Mateusz; Nasur, Jan; Wrobel, Krzysztof; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has not left the transportation sector behind. All modes of transportation have, to some extent, already been affected, and maritime is the last to join them. Currently available technology makes autonomous merchant ships a possible alternative to conventional, manned vessels with seafarers. This upcoming shift requires the preparation of necessary policies, such as rethinking obsolete training curricula, in relation to a variety of aspects of the industry, including the future of seafaring as a profession. To formulate such policies, the views of professional seafarers and scholars are sometimes solicited, but the opinions of industry entrants are often neglected. However, the latter may also have some interesting views on the future of their profession, which may be relevant to policy-makers. The results of a worldwide survey, conducted using the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) method, suggest that the future generation of seafarers fears automation less than their mentors. Although they expect their skills to be useful in automation-driven shipping, they also feel that their Maritime Education and Training institutions (MET) are not doing enough to prepare them for the challenges that the future may hold. This may be due to a lack or poor coverage of shipping autonomization issues in MET curricula, which was mentioned by as many as 41.9% of the respondents. This finding advocates for rethinking the curricula of METs and human resources management in the shipping industry of the future.
Know your safety indicator – A determination of merchant vessels Bow Crossing Range based on big data analytics
(Elsevier Applied Science, 2022-04) Gil, Mateusz; Kozioł, Paweł; Wróbel, Krzysztof; Montewka, Jakub; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Waterborne Transport Innovation; Gdynia Maritime University
Even in the era of automatization maritime safety constantly needs improvements. Regardless of the presence of crew members on board, both manned and autonomous ships should follow clear guidelines (no matter as bridge procedures or algorithms). To date, many safety indicators, especially in collision avoidance have been proposed. One of such parameters commonly used in day-to-day navigation but usually omitted by researchers is Bow Crossing Range (BCR). Therefore, this paper aims to investigate, what are typical, empirical values of BCR during routine operations of merchant ships, as well as investigate what factors impact this indicator and to what extent. To this end, a ten-year big dataset of real maritime traffic obtained from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) was used to provide statistical and spatiotemporal analyses. The results indicate that BCR is strongly related to the type of navigational area (open sea or restricted waters) but not with the dimensions or speed of ships. Among analyzed vessel types, passenger ships were noted as vessels that cross other bows at the closes ranges. Results of this study may be found interesting by fleet managers and developers of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). The former could utilize the results to provide revised operational guidelines for deck officers while the latter - propose an early-detection warning system based on empirical data for prospective MASS.
On the influence of human factors on safety of remotely-controlled merchant vessels
(Springer International Publishing AG, 2021-01-27) Wróbel, Krzysztof; Gil, Mateusz; Chae, Chong Ju; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University; Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology
With numerous efforts undertaken by both industry and academia to develop and implement autonomous merchant vessels, their safety remains an utmost priority. One of the modes of their operation which is expected to be used is a remote control. Therein, some, if not all, decisions will be made remotely by human operators and executed locally by a vessel control system. This arrangement incorporates a possibility of a human factor occurrence. To this end, a variety of factors are known in the literature along with a complex network of mutual relationships between them. In order to study their potential influence on the safety of remotely-controlled merchant vessels, an expert study has been conducted using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification SystemMaritime Accidents (HFACS–MA) framework. The results indicate that the most relevant for the safety of this prospective system is to ensure that known problems are properly and timely rectified and that remote operators maintain their psycho-and physiological conditions. The experts elicited have also assigned higher significance to the causal factors of active failures than latent failures, thus indicating a general belief that operators’ actions represent the final and the most important barrier against accident occurrence.
Semi-dynamic ship domain in the encounter situation of two vessels
(CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, A BALKEMA BOOK, 2020-01-01) Gil, Mateusz; Montewka, Jakub; Krata, Przemysław; Hinz, Tomasz; Hirdaris, Spyros; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Soares, Carlos Guedes; Marine Technology; Gdynia Maritime University
There exist numerous examples of ship domains that are rooted in the concept of Fujii and Goodwin. However, over the years, the applicability of the conception has been significantly expanded. Nowadays, the ship domain is mainly used to assess the safety of navigation, not to evaluate the capacity of waterways as it was initially designed. In the safety-related approach, violation of domain in vessels encounter is recognized as an unsafe operation. Nevertheless, in the literature, there is a lack of proper justification for transferring the ship domain concept from the original application filed to the other, especially into the safety-critical areas. Therefore, in this paper, we undertake an attempt to specify the basic requirements for a concept that can be used to evaluate the safety of ship-ship encounter. The idea reflects the dynamics of two vessels involved in the close approach situation, their maneuvering, and operational characteristics.
Toward monitoring and estimating the size of the HFO-contaminated seabed around a shipwreck using MBES backscatter data
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2021-10) Szafrańska, Marta; Gil, Mateusz; Nowak, Jarosław; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Marine Technology; MEWO S.A.
Despite a progressive reduction of oil spills caused by the activity of maritime transportation, the latent sources of pollution still exist. Although the harmful impact of heavy fuel oil (HFO) on the marine environment is widely known, many shipwrecks cause contamination of the surrounding areas. In this paper, an approach to monitor the area of the HFO spill around a shipwreck is made using a bottom backscattering strength (BBS) obtained by a multibeam echosounder (MBES). As a case study, the s/s Stuttgart wreck located in the Gulf of Gdansk (Poland) is verified. Two different measurement campaigns have been carried out in shallow waters using low (190 kHz) and high (420 kHz) MBES frequency. The results indicate that the polluted area around s/s Stuttgart was estimated at 49.1 ha, which is around 18.3% more in comparison to the geological surveys made four years earlier.

Browsing by Author "Gil, Mateusz"

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