Browsing by Author "Dayama, Niraj"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • Computationally aided product concept generation for field devices
    (2018-06-18) Ojaniemi, Ville
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    This thesis aims to solve the problem of optimally selecting features for internet connected field device, the accompanying cloud service and client devices such that designer goals, feature properties and relationships with other features are considered. This information could be used during concepting of new products as a support to better handle possibly large number of features and relationships between them. This could also bring up new ideas that were not considered before. We solve the problem by formulating it as an Integer Linear Programming(ILP) problem, and utilize Monte-Carlo methods to find interesting solutions to the problem, and visualize them in a way that allows easy comparison of different solutions to the problem. The proposed model is very stable, as adjusting weights in the ILP objective function causes fairly linear and predictable change in the outcome. The model also produced feature sets that were fairly comparable to human generated ones. The model was also tested in a real project in real work environment. The model performed well in this environment, however forming the input was considered very laborious, time consuming and complicated in some parts. These issues can be dealt with by organizing training and workshops. With further adjustments the model could be used to generate interesting concepts for many kinds of products.
  • Designing Harmonic Colour Schemes for Visual Components
    (2022-09-06) Marchenko, Ekaterina
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Posters and advertisements are an essential part of the everyday life, and their creation is an important designer's task. Although there are attempts to fully automate the process, this thesis focuses on a task of recolouring poster elements so the final result looks harmonious and appealing. The main deliverable is the colouring application which should help designers to find optimal harmonious colour schemes for advertisement posters and user interfaces. While existing recolouring methods focus on the whole image, the one proposed in this study treats each of the poster components (e.g., title or background) separately. The recolouring is completed in four steps, and it aims to complement the key vision, not to change it. At first, the most prominent colours are extracted from the product image. After that the basic palette is expanded by one colour which is found computationally. Next, these colours are assigned to the poster components. As a final step, the original colours of these components are mixed with the newly assigned ones, and the output is rendered. The basic pipeline is flexible and can be tailored to the user needs, so the control remains in the designer's hands. The colouring algorithm can be used as either the CLI or the GUI application.
  • An Eye-tracking Study of Mobile User Interfaces
    (2020-01-20) Xue, Yunfei
     Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Mobile user interface design has become so important that it influences the user experience when interacting with mobile technology. It is of high research value to investigate about human visual perception with mobile user interface. While there are related researches with natural image or web interfaces, seldom has empirical research been focused on mobile user interfaces. Meanwhile, existing research tend to adopt image-based methods by analysing in pixel level. This thesis takes a special look at element level features, investigates their effects. Three perspectives were investigated through a controlled eye-tracking study with 30 participants: visual search(84 UIs and 770+ UI elements), visual saliency (193 UIs) and visual aesthetic (125 UIs). For visual saliency, strong top-left concentration of fixation and P-shaped pattern was found evident. The distribution of first three fixations was found to be in line with web interfaces. No central bias, horizontal bias or F-bias was suggested by the result. Evidence for face bias and a text-over-face phenomenon was found. Strong semantic bias toward image and textual elements was evident, and features such as element area proportion and element color contrast ratio were found to be of positive relation with saliency. For visual search, three echelons of element types were found in terms of search speed. With element types "Dialog-box" and "View" being the easiest ones to search for, "Card" being moderate and "Input", "list-item", "Icon" are the relatively hard ones. Element area proportion and color contrast ratio were found to have strong and weak positive relation with search speed. The result indicated they have influence on both top-down and bottom-up visual activation. Besides, searching strategies for grid layout and list layout were identified by analyzing user's searching gaze path. For visual aesthetic, empirical analysis were made to justify the survey result. Metrics of information amount and information arrangement were proposed. Correlation test suggested number of elements and number of colors had strong negative with visual aesthetic and visual complexity judgement. The study also contributes to a rich annotated data set of mobile user interfaces with high-fidelity eye-tracking data.
  • GRIDS: Interactive Layout Design with Integer Programming
    (2020-04-21) Todi, Kashyap; Dayama, Niraj; Saarelainen, Taru; Oulasvirta, Antti
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    Grid layouts are used by designers to spatially organise user interfaces when sketching and wireframing. However, their design is largely time consuming manual work. This is challenging due to combinatorial explosion and complex objectives, such as alignment, balance, and expectations regarding positions. This paper proposes a novel optimisation approach for the generation of diverse grid-based layouts. Our mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model offers a rigorous yet efficient method for grid generation that ensures packing, alignment, grouping, and preferential positioning of elements. Further, we present techniques for interactive diversification, enhancement, and completion of grid layouts (Figure 1). These capabilities are demonstrated using GRIDS1, a wireframing tool that provides designers with real-time layout suggestions. We report findings from a ratings study (N = 13) and a design study (N = 16), lending evidence for the benefit of computational grid generation during early stages of design.
  • Interactive Layout Transfer
    (2021-04-14) Dayama, Niraj; Santala, Simo; Brückner, Lukas; Todi, Kashyap; Du, Jingzhou; Oulasvirta, Antti
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    During the design of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), one typical objective is to ensure compliance with pertinent style guides, ongoing design practices, and design systems. However, designing compliant layouts is challenging, time-consuming, and can distract creative thinking in design. This paper presents a method for interactive layout transfer, where the layout of a source design – typically an initial rough working draft – is transferred automatically using a selected reference/template layout while complying with relevant guidelines. Our integer programming (IP) method extends previous work in two ways: first, by showing how to transform a rough draft into the final target layout using a reference template and, second, by extending IP-based approaches to adhere to guidelines. We demonstrate how to integrate the method into a real-time interactive GUI sketching tool. Evaluation results are presented from a case study and from an online experiment where the perceived quality of layouts was assessed.
  • Layout as a Service (LaaS): A Service Platform for Self-Optimizing Web Layouts
    (2020-01-01) Laine, Markku; Nakajima, Ai; Dayama, Niraj; Oulasvirta, Antti
     A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
    To personalize a web page, case-specific rules or templates must be specified that define the visuospatial layout of elements as well as device-specific adaptation rules for an individual. This approach scales poorly. We present LaaS, a service platform for self-optimizing web layouts to improve their usability at individual, group, and population levels. No hand-coded rules or templates are needed, as LaaS uses combinatorial optimization to generate web layouts for stated design objectives. This allows personalization to be controlled via intuitive objectives that affect the full web layout. We present an extensible architecture and solutions for (1) layout generation using integer programming, (2) data abstractions to mediate between browsers and layout generators, and (3) page restructuring. Moreover, we show how LaaS can be easily deployed as part of existing web pages. Results demonstrate that our approach can produce usable personalized web layouts in diverse scenarios.
  • New approaches for solving the convoy movement problem
    (2020-01-20) Mokhtar, Hamid; Krishnamoorthy, Mohan; Dayama, Niraj; Kumar, P. N.Ram
     A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
    The convoy movement problem (CMP) involves the routing and scheduling of a large number of vehicles and personnel across a network. A convoy is a group of (typically, army) vehicles and personnel that travel together as a group. Given the nature and context of these movements, it is necessary to avoid convoys crossing each other at a node, overtaking, or crossing each other on a road as they travel in the network from their individual origins to their destinations. The lengths and travel speeds are also major factors that determine the optimal travel paths and schedules for these convoys. In this paper, we review different variants of the CMP in the literature. We then propose a generalised problem statement for the CMP that accommodates all common variants. This generalised problem definition addresses several important side constraints that typically occur in real-world problems. We adapt and enhance existing formulations of the CMP in such a way that the generalised version can also be modelled. Further, we propose new approaches for solving large instances of the generalised CMP. Our computational experiments show that the techniques introduced in this paper substantially outperform existing approaches in the literature. We also generate a new dataset for the generalised CMP that provides a framework for the examination of various approaches for the CMP with a wider set of side constraints.
  • Optimising User Interface Layouts for Design System Compliance
    (2020-06-16) Santala, Simo
     Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
    Designing and maintaining consistent graphical user interfaces (GUIs) across different products can improve product usability by making it easy to transfer learning from one system to another. GUI consistency is usually pursued by using standard GUI components and developing layout guidelines for using them. However, developing and following layout guidelines is challenging, because it is easy for guidelines to be ambiguous, conflicting, too many, or simply poorly communicated. Designers can also often forget, misunderstand, or misapply guidelines. Fixing misapplied guidelines, or updating an old GUI to new guidelines can also require considerable manual work. This thesis presents Design Mentor, a tool for optimising GUI layouts according to design system layout guidelines while minimising semantic changes to the input layout. This is achieved through constraint-based optimisation using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Prior work in automated layout generation has largerly focused on generating diverse alternative layouts in the early stages of the design process. Design Mentor differs from prior work by supporting the final stages of GUI design, providing robust integration with existing tools, and inferring high-level constraints from the input layout itself. The author demonstrates how Design Mentor is able to enforce design system guidelines to a layout in real-time during a design process while providing a high degree of control to the designer over the semantic aspects of the layout. Interviews with potential users suggest that this approach to layout optimisation can also support design exploration as well, by providing a polished preview of the current design draft.
  • Optimization of Tabbed Menus
    (2018-05-11) Viitanen, Aku
     Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis