Browsing by Author "Chrisendo, Daniel"
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- Agricultural input shocks affect crop yields more in the high-yielding areas of the world
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2023-12) Ahvo, Aino; Heino, Matias; Sandström, Vilma; Chrisendo, Daniel; Jalava, Mika; Kummu, MattiThe industrialization of agriculture has led to an increasing dependence on non-locally sourced agricultural inputs. Hence, shocks in the availability of agricultural inputs can be devastating to food crop production. There is also a pressure to decrease the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in many areas. However, the combined impact of the agricultural input shocks on crop yields has not yet been systematically assessed globally. Here we modelled the effects of agricultural input shocks using a random forest machine learning algorithm. We show that shocks in fertilizers cause the most drastic yield losses. Under the scenario of 50% shock in all studied agricultural inputs, global maize production could decrease up to 26%, and global wheat production up to 21%, impacting particularly the high-yielding ‘breadbasket’ areas of the world. Our study provides insights into global food system resilience and can be useful for preparing for potential future shocks or agricultural input availability decreases at local and global scales. - Crop production archetype - Global analysis
School of Engineering | Master's thesis(2024-11-18) Viriyaroj, BhattarabhopCrop production greatly influences global food security and the environment. To understand the complexity of the crop production system, knowledge about its characteristics is needed to provide integrated policy to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural intensification worldwide. However, there are no studies that analyze the characteristics of the crop production system on a global scale. In this thesis, archetype analysis has been performed using the Two-Stage Self-Organizing Maps method. Twenty-five archetypes, categorized into eight groups, have been identified, explaining the characteristics of the crop production system globally at a 5 arc-minute resolution. The archetypes are based on 17 variables from Biophysical, Management, Socio-economic, and Crop-field functional types, representing attributes of the crop production system. The inputs were normalized to balance the influence of each variable equally. The results show similarities and differences between regions across the globe and define the systems into simplified characteristics. Global maps of each group were created with the distribution percentage of each archetype to illustrate the characteristics of each location. Moreover, the number of unique archetypes in each country was calculated to represent the complexity of the crop production system in each country. With these results, policymakers can create targeted policies for food security and resilience while fostering cross-regional learning and dialogue. Ultimately, this aids in developing more sustainable policies that support agricultural intensification. - Drought, Water Conflict, and Development of an Early Warning System in the Horn of Africa
Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis(2023-12-08) Koivula, Katariina - Oil palm cultivation improves living standards and human capital formation in smallholder farm households
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2022-11) Chrisendo, Daniel; Siregar, Hermanto; Qaim, MatinOil palm cultivation is a controversial topic because of its manifold sustainability implications. Recent research in Southeast Asia suggests that oil palm cultivation is associated with income gains for many smallholder farmers, but whether these income gains also translate into longer-term improvements in household living standards remains unclear. Here, we use three rounds of panel data from smallholder farmers in Sumatra, Indonesia, to analyze effects of oil palm cultivation on various indicators of living standards. Results suggest that oil palm cultivation improves nutrition, dietary quality, and expenditures on education, all important indicators of human capital formation with expected positive long-term implications. Furthermore, we find positive associations between oil palm cultivation, household asset ownership, and electricity consumption, after controlling for possible confounding factors. We conclude that oil palm cultivation improves living standards and human capital formation in smallholder farm households in this setting. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). - Smallholders in agro-industrial production: Lessons for rural development from a comparative analysis of Ghana’s and Indonesia’s oil palm sectors
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2022-05) Ruml, Anette; Chrisendo, Daniel; Iddrisu, Abdul Malik; Karakara, Alhassan A.; Nuryartono, Nunung; Osabuohien, Evan; Lay, JannBy successfully including smallholders, the oil palm boom in Southeast Asia has contributed significantly to rural economic development and poverty alleviation, notwithstanding its huge environmental costs. Oil palm production in other world regions is currently picking up, including in Africa. Yet it is uncertain whether the positive socioeconomic impacts from Southeast Asia can be replicated elsewhere. Little development gain may thus accompany severe environmental harm if oil palm expansion leads to deforestation. To shed light on the (prospective) role of oil palm for rural development we perform a systematic comparison of Ghana’s and Indonesia’s oil palm sectors at the macro and micro level, focusing on smallholder inclusion and using a mixed-methods approach. We identify substantial differences in structural conditions and policy foci that have led to two very different oil palm sectors. While the Indonesian experience clearly highlights the development opportunities coming with smallholder inclusion in agro-industrial production, our analysis shows that transferability to the West African context is limited due to regional specificities. - Socioeconomic factors of global food loss
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2023-09) Chrisendo, Daniel; Piipponen, Johannes; Heino, Matias; Kummu, MattiA considerable amount of food produced is lost globally. Food loss indicates not only the amount of edible food that humans do not consume but also the waste of resources used in production and distribution, linked with multifold problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and economic loss. While there has been a growing body of literature about magnitudes and technical solutions to reduce food loss, little is known about how different socioeconomic factors are potentially related to the losses. Here we assess the relationships between various relevant socioeconomic factors and food loss within the early stages of the food supply chain (i.e., farm, harvest, storage, and transport parts of it) using the most comprehensive data available. We found that factors such as high gross national income (GNI) per capita and high employment in agriculture are significantly associated with low food loss. It suggests that income might be invested in technology or infrastructure while labor is still vital to reduce food loss, especially in technology-inferior countries. Other important factors related to low food loss are access to electricity in rural areas and export volume index, although the significance and directions vary in each commodity and food supply stage. Our results provide valuable insights into socioeconomic factors around food loss that are beneficial to formulating relevant policy, especially in countries where substantial food losses in the early stages of the food supply chain considerably risk to food security. - Strengthening oil palm smallholder farmers’ resilience to future industrial challenges
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä(2024-12) Hendrawan, Dienda; Chrisendo, Daniel; Musshoff, OliverOil palm cultivation has improved living standards and alleviated the poverty of many smallholder farmers. However, challenges such as climate change, aging palms and negative sentiments in the major markets, threaten the wellbeing of and raise the question on smallholder farmers’ resilience, which remains poorly understood. Using primary data from Indonesia, the largest palm oil producer in the world, we measure and evaluate the resilience of oil palm smallholder farmers using the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach. Our results revealed five classes of smallholders with different levels of resilience: vulnerable, economically and socially constrained, low-skilled, semi-secure and adaptive smallholders. The farmers in the least resilient group are majorly older local farmers, who established oil palm plantations independently. Meanwhile, the most resilient group is dominated by smallholders who participated in the migration program, and in the past, received support from the government to start oil palm plantations. Our study highlights the heterogeneity of smallholders’ livelihood resilience and the need for inclusive and tailored interventions for the various classes of smallholder farmers to establish sustainable communities.