Browsing by Author "Chauhan, Krishna"

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Analysing Film Plastic Waste in Residential Construction Project
(2023-07-31) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Seppänen, Olli
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
Sustainability and lean construction are closely interrelated topics to consider. However, sustainability issues in construction projects are rarely discussed in International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) community. The major aim of this research is to analyze the film plastic waste in residential construction project. For the analysis, three cases were selected, where the amount and quality of film plastic waste were investigated from the beginning of project to the end. According to the results, 1009–1710 kg of film plastic waste was separately collected (about 0.5–1.0% of total waste). In addition, the generated pattern of film plastics was approx. 0.34 kg/m2 and each apartment generated approx. 26.20 kg. The most film plastic is generated in the interior phase of the work stage, which includes tasks such as partition work, furniture installation and home appliance installation. Furthermore, based on the results of this research, we have developed a preliminary web modelling tool: kalvomuovi.fi, which could be adopted for estimating the amount of film plastic waste in a residential construction project. Future research could further develop the web model tool for other type of construction projects, such as, schools, hospitals, and shopping centers. Also, future research is necessary to develop better recycling technology of film plastic waste.
Combining takt planning with prefabrication for industrialized construction
(2018-01-01) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Seppänen, Olli; Berghede, Klas
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
Prefabrication and takt planning and control have been discussed a lot among lean construction researchers and practitioners. However, prefabrication and takt planning together as a way to promote industrialization in construction have been under explored in earlier research. Based on a literature review and two case analysis, this study explored the synergies between prefabrication and takt to promote the industrialization in construction. First case applied prefabrication and takt planning together and the second case applied takt planning, without prefabrication. Our results demonstrate that the two concepts together lead to better results and just implementing takt without prefabrication eventually moves the bottleneck of the project to drying times that could be solved with prefabrication. Therefore, both prefabrication and takt planning benefit from the combination and we argue that industrialization in construction requires both concepts.
Deciding between prefabrication and on-site construction: A choosing-by-advantage approach
(2019) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Lavikka, Rita; Seppänen, Olli
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
Several academic and industrial studies have documented the benefits of prefabrication compared to on-site construction. However, key construction project actors find it difficult to analyse whether prefabrication would be beneficial for their project with specific circumstances and targets. This research aims to develop a process to evaluate the impact of prefabrication in projects. First, based on the literature review and focus group discussion, we define the impact factors of prefabrication. Second, we apply Choosing by Advantage (CBA) approach together with Cost-Benefit-analysis to define a process for prefabrication impact measurement which considers various impact factors and their importance in the project. Finally, we validate the process with the industry experts. The paper contributes to knowledge on robust decision-making processes about production methods in situations in which all impact factors are not easily comparable but require a subjective valuation.
Exploring the barriers and enablers of industrial solutions in renovation projects: A mixed-methods study in the Finnish AEC industry
(2024) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Lavikka, Rita; Seppänen, Olli
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Offsite construction is a major approach to promote industrialisation in construction. However, implementation of prevailing industrial solutions is often less adequate and unsatisfactory, especially in renovation projects. Thus, the overall objective of this study is to understand the reasons behind the poor performance in implementation of the industrial solutions. The specific objectives include identifying the prominent barriers and enablers of prefabricated products in renovation projects. This study employed exploratory sequential mixed method. The qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews to collect experiences and perception of experts related to industrial solutions. This was followed by quantitative data collection via questionnaire survey using a seven-point Likert scale. The major barriers and enablers of industrial solutions in renovation projects have been ranked in this study. The findings reveal that immutability of heritage buildings, the tolerances of old buildings and insufficient spaces to ensure construction work ranked the top three barriers for implementing industrial solutions in renovation projects. Moreover, the study identifies the most significant enablers including shorter project schedules, quality improvement and work safety improvement. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive presentation of the barriers and enablers of industrial solutions in the renovation project context. Policymakers, designers, and contractors can utilize these findings as guiding principles to enhance decision-making processes and create viable solutions for the obstacles encountered in renovation projects. This study further represents a vital step towards the efficient and effective implementation of industrial solutions in renovation projects, resulting in more sustainable and cost-effective outcomes.
Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing Coordination Practices: Case Finnish Construction Market
(2022) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Abou-Ibrahim, Hisham; Seppänen, Olli
A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa
MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) coordination is a challenging task in construction projects. Failing to properly manage the MEP activities can lead to consuming up to 60% of the total budget, as noted in literature. Previous studies have documented several challenges of MEP coordination; however, they did not focus on understanding different stakeholders' perspectives. Thus, in this research, we have analyzed the challenges of MEP coordination from different stakeholders’ perspectives taking the Finnish construction sector as a case. The study employed semi-structured interviews, web-based surveys, and experts’ workshops as means of data collection. In addition, we have also analyzed current practices for MEP coordination and presented possible ways to improve the MEP coordination in Finnish construction industries. The results showed significant shortcomings including non-accurate initial design plans, lack of trust between parties, unforeseen MEP cost at early phases, and unavailability of realtime progress monitoring tools. As a contribution, this study presented several challenges, especially in the regional context. Furthermore, this study also analyzed currently used MEP coordination practices in the Finnish construction market and presented suggestions for improvements. The findings of this study will help in the reduction of construction wastes, delays, and cost overruns in construction projects.
Modulaarisen rakentamisen esivalmistussuunnittelu
(2022-04-29) Ylimäki, Benjamin
Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis
The Monetary and Non-Monetary Impacts of Prefabrication on Construction : The Effects of Product Modularity
(2022-04) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Lavikka, Rita; Seppänen, Olli
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Prefabrication is rapidly increasing in construction, and previous research has identified various impacts of prefabrication on projects. Modular product architecture is a great enabler for prefabrication; however, practitioners would benefit from more explicit knowledge on the impacts of prefabricated product types with different levels of product modularity. This study investigates the connection between the modularity level and the monetary and non-monetary impacts of prefabricated products. First, the literature on prefabrication and modularity is used to form three propositions which are related to product modularity and the benefits of prefabrication. The level of modularity is considered with two dimensions: the proportion of modules and the module de-scription detail. Second, four prefabricated products are analyzed to test the propositions. The analysis revealed that (1) the level of modularity adopted in the product is directly proportional to the benefits. More specifically, (2) a higher proportion of modules in a project product contributes to higher cost-benefits. On the other hand, (3) prefabricated products with highly detailed module descriptions seem to lead to higher non-monetary benefits, such as better ergonomics and work satisfaction. The study reveals new empirical evidence on the relationship between product mod-ularity and the benefits of prefabricated products. Cost-benefit analysis revealed that even though some prefabricated products could have higher direct costs, the total cost can still be lower than conventional construction when also considering the indirect benefits. Practitioners can utilize the findings when selecting modular and prefabricated products that best fulfil their project objectives.
Prefabrication in Construction: A Systemic Approach to Impact and Implementation
(2024) Chauhan, Krishna
School of Engineering | Doctoral dissertation (article-based)
Compared to other industries, the construction industry is widely recognised as complex, fragmented and non-innovative. To address this issue, prefabrication, as a potential solution offering disruptive innovations, can drive the construction industry towards greater industrialisation. Numerous studies have extensively examined the impact of prefabrication and presented its advantages over traditional methods. However, the implementation of prefabricated solutions remains limited in construction projects. One of the primary causes of this issue is the lack of consensus about the benefits of prefabrication among all parties involved. Previous research has overlooked systemic viewpoint to analyse the impacts of prefabrication implementation in construction projects. The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of prefabrication adoption through a systemic approach, enabling a comprehensive analysis of its impacts and implementation. This study employs mixed methods consisting of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative data are collected through the analysis of multiple case studies, interviews, workshops, and documents. Quantitative data is gathered through a questionnaire survey. To achieve the desired objectives, the research is conducted in two parts: first on impact analysis and second on implementation approaches. The impact analysis includes the development of a comprehensive method which adopts a systemic, multi-stakeholder perspective for evaluating the direct and indirect monetary and nonmonetary impacts of prefabrication. Using this method, the impacts of four prefabrication products are examined. The subsequent analysis of this research focuses on identifying benefits of prefabrication for each stakeholder without compromising the interests of the other parties involved. The study is carried out in both new building and renovation projects. The research findings indicate a direct relationship between the extent of product modularity and monetary and non-monetary benefits. Despite the possibility of higher direct expenses for prefabricated products, the cost may be less than traditional construction due to indirect benefits. The study further highlights the key benefits and challenges of implementing prefabricated products. The benefits include shorter project schedules, enhanced quality, and improved workflow, while the challenges include the immutability of heritage buildings, old building tolerances and limited construction spaces. This study makes significant contribution in two key areas. First, it proposes a method for evaluating the impact of prefabrication considering systemic perspective and analyses both monetary and non-monetary effects which holds potential in decision-making processes for the choice between prefabrication and onsite construction. Second, it provides empirical evidence of the advantages that each project party can gain from implementing prefabrication.
To prefabricate or not? A method for evaluating the impact of prefabrication in building construction
(2022) Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Lavikka, Rita; Seppänen, Olli
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Purpose: Prefabricated products are continually entering the building construction market; yet, the decision to use prefabricated products in a construction project is based mostly on personal preferences and the evaluation of direct costs. Researchers and practitioners have debated appropriate measurement systems for evaluating the impacts of prefabricated products and for comparing them with conventional on-site construction practices. The more advanced, cost–benefit approach to evaluating prefabricated products often inspires controversy because it may generate inaccurate results when converting non-monetary effects into costs. As prefabrication may affect multiple organisations and product subsystems, the method used to decide on production methods should consider multiple direct and indirect impacts, including nonmonetary ones. Thus, this study aims to develop a multi-criteria method to evaluate both the monetary and non-monetary impacts of prefabrication solutions to facilitate decision-making on whether to use prefabricated products. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing upon a literature review, this research suggests a multi-criteria method that combines the choosing-by-advantage approach with a cost–benefit analysis. The method was presented for validation in focus group discussions and tested in a case involving a prefabricated bathroom. Findings: The analysis indicates that the method helps a project’s stakeholders communicate about the relative merits of prefabrication and conventional construction while facilitating the final decision of whether to use prefabrication. Originality/value: This research contributes a method of evaluating the monetary and non-monetary impacts of prefabricated products. The research underlines the need to evaluate the diverse benefits and sacrifices that stakeholder face when considering production methods in construction.
Value creation and capture in systemic innovation implementation : case of mechanical, electrical and plumbing prefabrication in the Finnish construction sector
(2021-10-21) Lavikka, Rita; Chauhan, Krishna; Peltokorpi, Antti; Seppänen, Olli
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Purpose: Systemic innovations emerge and create value in an inter-organisational context. However, innovation studies rarely investigate the role of value creation and value capture among multiple organisations in successful innovation implementation. This paper aims to understand the role of value creation and value capture in the implementation of systemic innovations in construction which is by nature, an inter-organisational context. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical research focused on the barriers, enablers and opportunities for value creation and value capture of the Finnish construction project parties when trying to implement mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) prefabrication, which is a systemic innovation. Data were collected through interviews, observations and action workshops. Findings: The empirical study identified interaction patterns on how social, political, technical and economic barriers lead to uneven value capturing, lack of value-based procurement and unclear value creation between MEP design and installation. They hinder the implementation of MEP prefabrication. The results point to enablers leading to fairly shared value to all parties, procurement of value and collaborative value creation, thus increasing the usage of MEP prefabrication, a systemic innovation. Originality/value: The study adds new knowledge by demonstrating that the identification of barriers and their interaction with enablers and opportunities for value creation and capture lay a baseline for suggestions on how to implement a systemic innovation. This study stresses the importance of enabling value creation and capture for all construction project parties when implementing a systemic innovation.