Browsing by Author "Aarnio, Niki"

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Communications modelling for charge-discharge system between electric vehicles and smart grid
(2021-03-15) Aarnio, Niki
Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
The increasing number of distributed, intermittent energy resources and the growth of the electric vehicle fleet in Finland are requiring changes to the electricity grid. Simultaneously, the inertia of the electricity grid is getting decreasingly low, and the Finnish electricity grid operator, Fingrid, is launching new balancing methods to compensate for the lack of inertia. One of the emerging solutions to the grid imbalance problem is to use the batteries of electric vehicles as a grid balancing source. This technology is called Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G. In V2G, the vehicle’s battery acts as a demand response unit and is also capable of transferring energy to the grid. These actions help the electricity grid’s frequency to remain at 50.00 Hz. The objectives of this thesis are to calculate the potential power of the V2G system, design a communications architecture for the said system and to evaluate the business use cases it creates. The time scope to look at is set in 2030. The prerequisites for this research are gathered through a literature review and the calculations and models are made based on the latest information. After realistic calculations with the estimated electric vehicle numbers of 2030 in Finland, the system can be deemed significant for nation-wide grid balancing. The main part of the communications design is choosing the suitable protocols. A fast 5G network will help the system however the study shows that it is not necessary at the beginning of the adaptation process. Business aspects show that there are several different roles and use cases available in the V2G industry in the future.
Verkko-ositus viidennen sukupolven matkapuhelinverkoissa
(2018-05-11) Aarnio, Niki
Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu | Bachelor's thesis